A qualitative exploratory study of substance abuse prevention outcomes in a heterogeneous prevention system

The prevention of abuse of alcohol and other drugs is a concern for parents, policy-makers, educators, and social service professionals. Prevention programs are sponsored by many different types of social and educational agencies using a variety of intervention strategies. This article reports a study of a sample of such programs in the state of Nevada. The overall prevention system in the state espouses a "risk and resiliency" approach to prevention. Focus group methodology was used to study perception of outcomes of these programs from the viewpoints of various program stakeholders (youth participating in the programs, parents of participants and program staff). Analysis of the qualitative data yielded findings about potential outcomes as well as implicit program theories. Implications for future planning efforts as well as further evaluation efforts are discussed.     

Multilevel mediation modeling in group-based intervention studies

This article proposes and evaluates a method to test for mediation in multilevel data sets formed when an intervention administered to intact groups is designed to produce change in individual mediator and outcome variables. Simulated data of this form were used to compare ordinary least squares (OLS) and two multilevel estimators of the mediated effect. OLS and multilevel standard error approximations were also evaluated and recommendations given for optimal estimator choice. These methods were applied to data from an existing substance use intervention to show the impact multilevel mediation modeling can have on the conclusions drawn from real-world evaluation studies.     

Readiness for Career Choices: Planning,Exploring, and Deciding

One of Super's most important contributions has been in explicating those developmental tasks that involve planning, exploring, and deciding, processes known collectively as readiness for career choices. The authors review existing means of conceptualizing and operationalizing the various aspects of readiness, as well as innovative practice applications that have emerged from this work. Next, selected elaborations and extensions of the readiness construct are described. Finally, future directions for theory and research on readiness are presented with a particular emphasis on the promise of considering contextual issues, motivational factors, and an expanded measurement perspective in subsequent inquiry and practice.     

研究型大学在知识经济中的作用

本文论述了研究型大学在知识经济中的作用 ,阐述了研究型大学如何利用其自身优势通过协作及参与振兴企业文化以推动地区经济的进一步发展     

Negative impact of sexual abuse on adult male gender: Issues and strategies of intervention

Although male sexual abuse has co-existed with female sexual abuse, the professional literature has paid minimal attention to the impact of sexual abuse of male children to their adult adaptation. This paper concentrates on the negative impact of sexual abuse on the adult male's gender identity. Examples of eight male clients' responses to sexual abuse in their adult life and the therapeutic framework utilized to work with them are discussed in the paper.This paper was originally presented at the ICAPP conference, 1993.He teaches advanced clinical practice, Human Behavior and AIDS ELECTIVE. He maintains a private practice specializing in Gay men, persons with HIV virus.     

FIRST AND SECOND MARITAL DISSOLUTION: A DECOMPOSITION EXERCISE FOR WHITES AND BLACKS

Observed distributions of marital dissolutions occurring over time (and thus the divorce rate or other measures of marital dissolution) are dependent on two basic factors: (1) the relative distribution across a population of characteristics influencing the probability of marital dissolution and (2) the relative degree to which each of these characteristics raise or lower the probability of marital dissolution. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of each of these two factors on the observed distributions of marital dissolution for whites and blacks for both first and second marriages. Using an appropriate statistical methodology, the results indicate a relatively complex pattern of differences between marriage orders and race groups.     

Lottery winners: The myth and reality

This paper is based on a study of 576 lottery winners from 12 states. Respondents to a mailed questionnaire included winners of sums ranging from $50,000 to millions. The data indicate that popular myths and stereotypes about winners were inaccurate. Specifically, winners came from various education and employment backgrounds and they were clustered in the higher income categories than the general population indicating that lotteries might not be as regressive as popularly believed. Winners were older than the general population and more often male (60 versus 40%). There was significant association between the amount a person won and his or her work behavior. Individuals with psychologically and financially rewarding jobs continued working regardless of the amount they won, while people who worked in low paying semi-skilled and unskilled jobs were far more likely to quit the labor force. Contrary to popular beliefs, winners did not engage in lavish spending sprees and instead gave large amounts of their winnings to their children and their churches. The most common expenditures were for houses, automobiles and trips. It was found that overall, winners were well-adjusterd, secure and generally happy from the experience.This study was funded by a grant from the Institute for Socioeconomic Studies in White Plains, New York.