Does shared and differentiated transformational leadership predict followers' working conditions and well-being?

Transformational leadership has been widely researched and is associated with followers' performance, attitudes, and subjective well-being at the individual level. Less research has focused on transformational leadership as a group phenomenon. In a survey study (425 followers and 56 leaders), we examined how group-level and differentiated transformational leadership shape followers' perceptions of their working conditions and individual subjective well-being. There was stronger evidence that differentiated transformational leadership's relationships with indicators of well-being was mediated by perceptions of working conditions, in that 10 out of 20 tests for mediation using differentiated transformational leadership were significant, compared to just three out of 20 for group-level transformational leadership. The results suggest that transformational leadership needs to be studied as a group phenomenon considering how group-level perceptions may impact on followers' well-being and that leaders need to realize that there is an “I” in groups and addition to a “we” in groups.     

Social work training in Asian countries

The welfare of working mothers is a subject which has captured the attention many organizations and professional people who have examined the implications from their own particular points of view. For example, among Australian studies, Scott (1962) examined the personality development of pre-school children of working mothers, Bryson, et al. (1965), considered the effects on family life, and Nurcombe (1971) made a general assessment of some aspects of the welfare of infants and children under three years of age whose mothers are in full-time employment. The Women's Bureau of the Commonwealth Department of Labour and National Service has published booklets on various related topics under the general heading of “Women in the Workforce” and statements on policies related to the day care of children have been prepared by such bodies as the Australian Pre-school Association, the Australian Council of Social Service, the Queensland Creche and Kindergarten Association, the Victorian Council of Social Service and the Social Planning and Action Committee of the Australian Association of Social Workers.     

Taarab Clubs and Swahili Music Culture

Histories of East Africa in this century generally focus upon the political dimensions of resistance, culminating in the nationalist movements which brought about independence by Kenya African Union KANU and Tanganyika African National Union TANU in those respective nations in the early 1960s. This essay examines a cultural basis of nationalism, namely the taarab orchestras and music clubs that proliferated in coastal Kenya and Tanganyika, and on Zanzibar, shortly after World War II. They were formed by Waswahili, residents of the region who spoke Kiswahili, as the language is known. I analyse a form, taarab, probably the most typically Swahili popular music, its origins, history, and role in revitalising the Waswahili. Through taarab music clubs, the Swahili developed and paid homage to their language and traditions, providing the cultural basis from which political nationalism might operate.     

Sibling Sexual Abuse: An Empirical Analysis of Offender,Victim, and Event Characteristics in National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) Data, 2000–2007

Sibling sexual abuse is identified as the most common form of familial sexual abuse. Extant literature is plagued by definitional inconsistencies, data limitations, and inadequate research methodology. Trivialized as “normal” sexual exploration, sibling sexual abuse has been linked to psychosocial/psychosexual dysfunction. Research has relied on retrospective, convenience, and/or homogenous samples. This work drew on eight years of National Incident-Based Reporting System data (2000–2007) to provide aggregate level baseline information. This work extended prior research exploring victim-, offender-, and incident-based characteristics. Results highlight the need for expanded definitional criteria relating to both age and gender to better inform risk assessment and prevention. Findings both corroborate and contrast prior work and suggest victim- and offender-based gender differences.     

Paternal domination: Its influence on child guidance results 1

Acknowledging the limitations of adhering to one particular theoretical orientation in helping clients with multiple issues, psychotherapy integration in treatment becomes a prominent trend in clinical practice. However, we have few guidelines for an integrated case formulation. Also, there have been some concerns that available treatment options limit and even pre-determine how clinicians understand and formulate cases. In order to address these concerns, this article first critically reviews the psychotherapy integration movement and highlights social work contributions to this movement. Next, using a clinical case example, we illustrate an integrated case formulation in clinical social work practice, which comprehensively assesses a client-in-context from psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive approaches. We also delineate how social workers can directly link this integrated assessment to selecting the integrated treatment options to custom-fit with the idiosyncratic needs of the client. This formulation is then truly client-centered. Thus, formulating a case is developing a theory of a client.     

Book reviews

Qualitative Sociology -     

Self-deception and self-discovery in fieldwork

This paper shows how fieldwork experiences create a situation in which the researcher and the native reveal their characters in the course of requesting and offering information about the study. The personalities of the fieldworker and the natives help to color and may even define the nature of the interaction. It would be a mistake to ignore the effect of character on the content of studies. Researchers learn about their own strengths and weaknesses as fieldworkers by examining that effect.This paper was originally prepared for the conference on Ethical Problems of Fieldwork, held by Joan Cassell and Murray Wax at Berkeley Springs, W.V., 1979, sponsored by the program in Ethics and Values in Science and Technology, National Science Foundation. I should like to give particular thanks to Murray Wax for his helpfulness and kindness in guiding this paper toward publication.