A Review of the Current State of Negotiated Order Theory: an Appreciation and a Critique*

It is argued that the theory of negotiated order, which has remained largely submerged within a series of fairly specific “grounded” case studies of occupations, professions, and complex organizations in the health field, has a number of attractive qualities to it. As such, it represents one of the more exciting recent developments in the study of organizations The present paper examines the more recent historical origins of the theory, summarizes its major points, and critically assesses its strengths and weaknesses. Since most of the substance of the theory is found in studies of health professionals working in hospital settings, the examples used here are also derived from this particular body of literature. Some future possible directions which we believe will improve the overall explanatory power of the perspective are presented in the concluding section.     

Geneticization of deviant behavior and consequences for stigma: the case of mental illness

One likely consequence of the genetics revolution is an increased tendency to understand human behavior in genetic terms. How might this "geneticization" affect stigma? Attribution theory predicts a reduction in stigma via reduced blame, anger, and punishment and increased sympathy and help. According to "genetic essentialist" thinking, genes are the basis of human identity and strongly deterministic of behavior. If such ideas are commonly accepted, geneticization should exacerbate stigma by increasing perceptions of differentness, persistence, seriousness, and transmissibility, which in turn should increase social distance and reproductive restrictiveness. I test these predictions using the case of mental illness and a vignette experiment embedded in a nationally representative survey. There was little support for attribution theory predictions. Consistent with genetic essentialism, genetic attributions increased the perceived seriousness and persistence of the mental illness and the belief that siblings and children would develop the same problem. Genetic attribution did not affect reproductive restrictiveness or social distance from the ill person but did increase social distance from the person's sibling, particularly regarding intimate forms of contact involving dating, marriage, and having children.     

A multimethod assessment of personal space development in female and male,black and white children

In order to obtain evidence of the effects of demographic parameters and measurement techniques on personal space, several different assessments were used to determine the impact of subject age, race, and sex on interpersonal distancing. Thirteen different variables representing stimulation, paper-and-pencil, and behavioral techniques indicated that as age increased, personal space requirements decreased, particularly for whites. Blacks as compared to whites required less space at age 7, and mixed-sex dyads tended to require more space than same-sex dyads. The results thus indicate that while some previous findings appear to be measurement method specific, others show intermethod consistency.     

A Flexible Evaluative Framework for Order Picking Systems

This paper develops a novel framework to evaluate the integral performance of order picking systems with different combinations of storage and order picking policies. The warehousing literature on order picking mostly considers minimizing either elapsed time or distance as the sole objective, whereas warehouse managers in a supply chain have to look beyond single‐dimensional performance and consider trade‐offs among different criteria. Thus managers still need a unified and efficient framework to select a portfolio of appropriate order picking policies from a multi‐criteria and contextual perspective. Our framework—combining data envelopment analysis, ranking and selection, and multiple comparisons—provides an efficient methodology to simultaneously analyze several interrelated problems in order picking systems with multiple performance attributes, such as service levels and operational costs. We demonstrate our approach through comprehensive evaluations of order picking policies in three low‐level, picker‐to‐parts rectangular warehouses facing demand variations.     

Child maltreatment in the family: a European perspective

Child maltreatment is generally referred to under the global categories of physical, sexual, emotional/psychological abuse and neglect. The Concerted Action on the Prevention of Child Abuse in Europe (CAPCAE) reports on the specific forms of harm and injury, actions and persons believed responsible in eight European countries. The most common actions across all participating countries responsible for harm were those of violent parenting or absent parenting. A review of prevention strategies found that few programmes focused on specific behaviours or included measures to indicate whether their actions were successful in preventing further harm to children. It is recommended that fathers need to be targeted in prevention as well as mothers and that specific data collection of actual harms, actions, persons responsible and outcomes needs to be implemented as a priority in all European countries. Such specificity avoids a focus on risk which is unacceptable in some countries, over inclusive of parents and resource intensive.     

川佛手中总黄酮的超临界CO_2萃取工艺优化

采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取川佛手中的总黄酮,通过单因素分析和正交试验,确定了川佛手中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺参数,即萃取压力为30 MPa,萃取温度为50℃,料液比为100∶120 g/mL和萃取时间为2.0 h,在此条件下总黄酮的萃取率达到3.79﹪.     

从强化副词的主观化过程看语言主观性

语言主观性问题主要涉及言语交际时说话人的态度等主观因素.基于认知语言学理论,强化副词逐渐成为关注内涵主观性方面学者的焦点,原因是该类副词在使用时往往关联人的因素.本文通过分析几个具有代表性的强化副词的主观化路径,尝试总结该词类由一般性副词到具备内在主观性的演化过程,从而揭示其对语言使用者——人的主观因素的反应机制.     

高等学校内部质量保障体系的建立与完善

作为高等教育的组织者和实施者,高等学校应牢固树立以提高质量为核心的教育质量观,着力构建和不断完善内部质量保障体系。文章选取“211工程”高校作为研究对象,从顶层设计、核心内容、坚实保证、有效抓手入手,围绕办学定位、办学特色、办学条件、人才培养模式、优质资源整合、制度建设、文化建设等内容,提出了一系列旨在健全和完善高校内部质量保障体系的重要举措。     

城郊乡村治理问题研究——以重庆市东风村为例

中国的农村有许多种分类,而城郊农村属于其中的一种,具有特殊性。重庆市东风村地处城市边缘,属于典型的城郊农村。通过实地调研发现,该村庄在乡村治理过程中存在着一些问题,主要集中在治理主体和经济建设方面。这些问题的存在和完善思路对中国城郊乡村问题研究将具有启发意义。为响应新农村建设的号召,可以从选拔优秀人才,加快经济文化建设和提高村民素质方面对城郊乡村治理进行完善。