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991.
Gronniger JT 《Demography》2005,42(4):719-735
In a conventional survival analysis of a sample of the U.S. population in 1971-1974, the association between mortality and obesity is compared with the analogous risk from the presence of an obese person in a household. The two factors have similar risk profiles, with a hazard ratio of 1.44 for nonmorbid obesity and 1.48 for nonmorbid familial obesity in one sample. If "familial obesity" cannot directly affect personal longevity, and if shared factors determine both personal and familial obesity, the mortality risk of family and actual personal obesity is similarly overstated. This false positive in the estimated risk arises from correlations among obesity and unobserved environmental, behavioral, or genetic factors. 相似文献
992.
993.
994.
Clare Hemmings Warren J. Blumenfeld 《International Journal of Sexuality and Gender Studies》1996,1(4):311-321
This essay interrogates the meanings, uses, and implications of the emergent U.S./U.K. bisexual community’s adoption of the term “monosexual” to define non-bisexuals. The authors provide a historical and theoretical context for the term, explicitly linking its oppositional rhetoric to that coined by other recent identity movements, and to that inherent in psychological and psychoanalytical models of identity development. The authors further emphasize their own personal and political responses to and dislike of the term. The essay examines the inconsistencies implicit in the meanings and uses of the term, highlighting the differences between sexual behavior and sexual identity. The unsuitability of the monosexual/bisexual paradigm for a bisexual movement that always overlaps—theoretically, politically, and personally—with other movements is also discussed. The authors conclude by stressing the importance of developing language that expresses the complexity of sexual identity and divergent political affiliation. 相似文献
995.
Resource flexibility is an important tool for firms to better match capacity with demand so as to increase revenues and improve service levels. However, in service contexts that require dynamically deciding whether to accept incoming jobs and what resource to assign to each accepted job, harnessing the benefits of flexibility requires using effective methods for making these operational decisions. Motivated by the resource deployment decisions facing a professional service firm in the workplace training industry, we address the dynamic job acceptance and resource assignment problem for systems with general resource flexibility structure, i.e., with multiple resource types that can each perform different overlapping subsets of job types. We first show that, for systems containing specialized resources for individual job types and a versatile resource type that can perform all job types, the exact policy uses a threshold rule. With more general flexibility structures, since the associated stochastic dynamic program is intractable, we develop and test three optimization‐based approximate policies. Our extensive computational tests show that one of the methods, which we call the Bottleneck Capacity Reservation policy, is remarkably effective in generating near‐optimal solutions over a wide range of problem scenarios. We also consider a model variant that requires dynamic job acceptance decisions but permits deferring resource assignment decisions until the end of the horizon. For this model, we discuss an adaptation of our approximate policy, establish the effectiveness of this policy, and assess the value of postponing assignment decisions. 相似文献
996.
Annukka Jokipii 《Journal of Management and Governance》2010,14(2):115-144
In order to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of activities, reliability of information and compliance with applicable
laws, firms demand adequate internal control. However, several frameworks (COSO, CoCo etc.) assume that the need for internal
control varies according to a firm’s characteristics. This concurs with contingency theory, which claims that each organization
has to choose the most suitable control system by taking into account contingency characteristics. This study examines which
contingency characteristics firms choose to adapt their internal control structure and whether it results in a more favorable
assessment of the effectiveness of control by the management. While the components of internal control have been examined
individually in the control literature, this paper attempts to shed light on internal control and place it in a broader context.
The results, derived from a web-based survey of 741 Finnish firms, indicate that firms adapt their internal control structure
to deal with environmental uncertainty and to achieve observed control effectiveness. Also the strategy has statistically
significant effects on internal control structure. 相似文献
997.
Andrzej Dudek Joanna Polcyn Andrzej Ruciński 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2010,19(2):184-199
We study the extremal parameter N(n,m,H) which is the largest number of copies of a hypergraph H that can be formed of at most n vertices and m edges. Generalizing previous work of Alon (Isr. J. Math. 38:116–130, 1981), Friedgut and Kahn (Isr. J. Math. 105:251–256, 1998) and Janson, Oleszkiewicz and the third author (Isr. J. Math. 142:61–92, 2004), we obtain an asymptotic formula for N(n,m,H) which is strongly related to the solution α
q
(H) of a linear programming problem, called here the fractional q-independence number of H. We observe that α
q
(H) is a piecewise linear function of q and determine it explicitly for some ranges of q and some classes of H. As an application, we derive exponential bounds on the upper tail of the distribution of the number of copies of H in a random hypergraph. 相似文献
998.
This paper deals with the p-maxian problem on block graphs with unit edge length. It is shown that the two points with maximum distance provide an optimal
solution for the 2-maxian problem of block graphs except for K
3. It can easily be extended to the p-maxian problem of block graphs. So we solve the p-maxian problem on block graphs in linear time. 相似文献
999.
We consider the k-level capacitated facility location problem (k-CFLP), which is a natural variant of the classical facility location problem and has applications in supply chain management. We obtain the first (combinatorial) approximation algorithm with a performance factor of \(k+2+\sqrt{k^{2}+2k+5}+\varepsilon\) (ε>0) for this problem. 相似文献
1000.
Glaydston Mattos Ribeiro Miguel Fragoso Constantino Luiz Antonio Nogueira Lorena 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2010,20(4):385-398
Earth observation satellites, such as the SPOT 5, take photographs of the earth according to consumers’ demands. Obtaining
a good schedule for the photographs is a combinatorial optimization problem known in the literature as the daily photograph
scheduling problem (DPSP). The DPSP consists of selecting a subset of photographs, from a set of candidates, to different
cameras, maximizing a profit function and satisfying a large number of constraints. Commercial solvers, with standard integer
programming formulations, are not able to solve some DPSP real instances available in the literature. In this paper we present
a strengthened formulation for the DPSP, based on valid inequalities arising in node packing and 3-regular independence system
polyhedra. This formulation was able, with a commercial solver, to solve to optimality all those instances in a short computation
time. 相似文献