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111.
The Bayview Hunters Point Foundation for Community Improvement is a nonprofit organization established in 1971 to defend the legal rights of African-Americans living in its community. Over the years, the agency diversified its services to include mental health and substance abuse treatment, violence prevention, youth programming, and HIV services. The organization has overcome multiple challenges during its 37-year history in relation to social, political, and economic changes that have influenced the way the organization has financed and delivered its services. The history of the organization presents a collaborative approach to community problem-solving and exemplifies the important role that external relationships play in relationship to nonprofit growth and survival. 相似文献
112.
Despite the high prevalence of depression among children and adolescents, most that need mental health treatment do not seek care. This is especially true for ethnic minority adolescents. Prior research has shown that perceived stigma may act as a barrier to the initiation of and adherence to depression treatment, yet few studies have examined the relationship between stigma and depression among Black adolescents. This exploratory study examined the relationship between Black adolescents' depression severity and their current level of perceived stigma in an outpatient sample. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a clinical sample of adolescents referred for mental health services at a community-based outpatient clinic (n =108), participating in a prospective pilot study on adolescents' patterns of mental health service use. The analyses revealed that greater depression severity was significantly associated with higher perceived stigma (p < .05), particularly among females. The results also suggest that Black adolescents appear to exhibit an appropriate level of self-assessment regarding their need for mental health services. These results are interpreted in relation to previous literature, and limitations and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
113.
Peter Moran Michele Simoni Gianluca Vagnani 《Journal of Management and Governance》2011,15(3):447-481
This paper explores how the rules that guide search affect organizational adaptation in complex and turbulent environments.
Our consideration of such rules extends beyond search scope—i.e., exploitation of current technologies vs. exploration of
new technologies—to include focus on competition. We consider two types of competitive focus—i.e., external, where the choice
of focal technology to be improved is influenced by information about other organizations and internal, where it is not influenced
by others. We refer to this expanded set of rules as managerial selection and vary it to explore how it affects organizational
adaptation. Employing an agent based simulation model, built on the framework of NKC fitness landscapes, we consider multiple types of interdependencies within and between technologies and across competitors.
We show that in the presence of these multiple interdependencies, the ability of organizations to adapt is conditioned as
much or more by the focus of search than by its scope. In particular, we observe that in simple and stable environments, organizational
adaptation is enhanced by an external focus but in complex and turbulent environments, such external focus is counterproductive. 相似文献
114.
Harry Joe 《Revue canadienne de statistique》1994,22(1):47-64
Some parametric families of multivariate extreme-value distributions have been proposed in recent years; several additional parametric families are derived here. The parametric models are fitted, using numerical maximum likelihood, to some environmental multivariate extreme data sets consisting of extreme concentrations of a pollutant at several monitoring stations in a region. Some multivariate nonnormal data analysis techniques are proposed to aid in the likelihood analysis. The new models, together with previous models, appear to be adequate for inferences in that they cover a wide range of possible dependence patterns. 相似文献
115.
Social security reforms in China: issues and prospects 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Joe C.B. Leung 《International Journal of Social Welfare》2003,12(2):73-85
The phenomenal success of China's market-oriented economic reforms since the 1980s has rendered the traditional employment-based social security system increasingly inadequate and inefficient. For decades, the Chinese government has been trying to develop a more pluralistic, effective and affordable social security system which will be compatible with both a thriving market economy and a flagging socialist political structure. While the emerging system is still struggling with a variety of operational problems, the entry of China into the WTO is looming as a formidable challenge to this social security system. This presentation outlines the recent reforms of the social security system undertaken by the Chinese government, and assesses the effectiveness of the results in meeting the challenge. Here, social security reforms focus on the retirement and unemployment insurance schemes and the social assistance program. 相似文献
116.
This paper presents an investigation of a method for minimizing functions of several parameters where the function need not be computed precisely. Motivated by problems requiring the optimization of negative log-likelihoods, we also want to estimate the (inverse) Hessian at the point of minimum. The imprecision of the function values impedes the application of conventional optimization methods, and the goal of Hessian estimation adds a lot to the difficulty of developing an algorithm. The present class of methods is based on statistical approximation of the functional surface by a quadratic model, so is similar in motivation to many conventional techniques. The present work attempts to classify both problems and algorithmic tools in an effort to prescribe suitable techniques in a variety of situations. The codes are available from the authors' web site http://macnash.admin.uottawa.ca/~rsmin/. 相似文献
117.
Political models of the business cycle have typically been ignored because they appear inconsistent with rational behavior and because empirical evidence is inconclusive. This paper addresses the second issue, demonstrating for U.S. real GNP, unemployment, and inflation that electoral cycles (persistent patterns across electoral terms) are significant, but apparently only for Republican incumbents, and that partisan cycles (persistent differences between parties) are also significant. These findings are consistent with the conjecture that a minority party is more constrained by electoral concerns, whereas a majority party is freer to pursue partisan objectives. 相似文献
118.
119.
120.
P. A. P. Moran 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》1983,25(1):91-95
A test due to D. R. Cox (1958a, 1958b) for the agreement between an observed set of independent events and independently prescribed probabilities is considered. Although the exact distribution can be found for small numbers of events this is often not possible. A method of modifying the scoring system slightly is shown to result in much simpler calculation with very little loss in power. The exact distribution is desirable because of slow convergence to normality. The logic of using a simulation test is considered. 相似文献