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241.
Winston T. Lin 《商业与经济统计学杂志》2013,31(3):305-316
This article proposes a partial adjustment model in which the speed of adjustment is a linear function of policy and economic variables rather than fixed. The model is applied to analyze the behavior of lumber and pulpwood production. Since the model is overparameterized and intrinsically nonlinear, the task of estimation is done by the nonlinear least squares method, using quarterly data covering the period from 1961 through 1983. Both the adjustment speeds of lumber and pulpwood production are found to vary inversely with the discrepancy between the actual and the expected interest rate. The adjustment speed of lumber production is also found to shift positively with the difference between the actual and the expected government expenditure. In addition, the results show that the adjustment speed of lumber production suffers from a longterm declining trend, whereas the adjustment speed of pulpwood production exhibits a long-term upward sweep, and that desired outputs of lumber and pulpwood respond negatively to expected prices and interest rates but positively to general economic conditions as measured by gross national product. These findings have important policy implications. The model with a constant speed of adjustment suggested by Lin (1979) appears to be unable to afford an adequate explanation of the dynamic behavior of lumber and pulpwood production. 相似文献
242.
Food systems are of increasing interest in both research and policy communities. Surveys of post-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) show high rates of food self-provisioning. These practices have been explained in terms of being ‘coping strategies of the poor’. Alber and Kohler’s ‘Informal Food Production in the Enlarged European Union’ (2008) offers a prominent account of this argument, supported by quantitative data. However, evidence from our case study of food self-provisioning in one CEE state–Czechia–contradicts their findings. Newly commissioned survey data, as well as a fresh look at the data they were working from, demonstrate that rather than being motivated by poverty, these widespread practices serve as a hobby and as a way of accessing ‘healthy food’. With food self-provisioning becoming an increasingly prominent subject in advanced industrial countries, in terms of both health and environmental policy, we propose that much greater care is taken in researching and interpreting the reasons for differences in food systems. Our findings are that environmentally sustainable and healthy self-provisioning in Czechia is motivated by a range of reasons, and practised by a significant proportion of the population across all social groups. This conclusion questions linear narratives of progress that figure ‘western’ practices as advanced or complete or automatically desirable, and contributes in a modest way to a decentring of narratives of progress. 相似文献
243.
244.
Barry D. Adam Winston Husbands James Murray John Maxwell 《Journal of sex research》2013,50(3):238-248
This study examines leading explanations for unsafe sex in light of in‐depth interviews with 102 high‐risk gay and bisexual men in Toronto to see how well they engage with the social circumstances and reasoning processes of men in their sexual relationships. We argue that there is an inadequate fit between some of the leading explanations and the discursive accounts provided by high risk men themselves. Their accounts focus on unsafe sex occurring as a resolution to condom and erectile difficulties, through momentary lapses and trade offs, out of personal turmoil and depression, and as a byproduct of strategies of disclosure and intuiting safety. This study examines, in particular, the circumstances and rationales associated with men who identify their practices as “barebacking.” We conclude with recommendations for communicating prevention messages to those most at risk based on the self‐understandings of gay and bisexual men who most frequently practice unprotected sex. 相似文献
245.
Fitting a linear regression for a response variable by minimising the sum of absolute deviations, L1 regression, may be viewed as a maximum likelihood procedure applied to the Laplace distribution. An interesting bivariate case is where the conditional distribution of the response X2 given X1 and the marginal distribution of the explanatory variable X1 are both Laplace. In this context we show there is information to distinguish the direction of dependence between X1 and X2 from observations. That is we may distinguish the model in which X1 is dependent on X2 from that in which X2 is dependent on X1 This is not true for L2 regression based on the Normal distribution. 相似文献
246.
A total of 32 interviews were conducted with women in academia who were born between 1946 and 1964. Twenty-one of these interviews were completed with academic women in the United States. and eleven with academic women in New Zealand. The data were analyzed to determine what these "baby boomers" anticipate for their retirement as well as their concerns about facing retirement. Cohort and cross-cultural comparisons were made. The authors identified common themes in the interviews. These included rejection of the traditional definition of retirement, anticipated age at retirement determined by personal needs rather than age-graded societal norms, retirement projected to be an active period involving a mix of work and leisure activities, and major concerns, about health and health care, the availability of entitlements and finances. The findings from this study indicate baby boomers are forging a new path for retirement. Further research investigating the transition for women of the baby boom generation from worker to retiree may open windows into the future of retirement for women. 相似文献
247.
Joe Ravetz Amanda Ravetz 《Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research》2017,30(1):104-120
Social Science is increasingly called on to address “grand challenges”, “wicked problems”, “societal dilemmas” and similar problematiques. Examples include climate change, the war on drugs and urban poverty. It is now widely agreed that the disciplinary structure of academic science, with its journals, curricula, peer communities, etc., is not well suited to such trans-disciplinary, ill-bounded, controversial issues, but the ways forward are not yet clear or accepted by the mainstream. The concept of a next generation paradigm of “Science 3.0” has emerged through work on sustainability systems analysis, and for this multiple channels for learning, thinking and communications are essential. Visual thinking in its many forms (from technical representation or mapping, to photography or video, to design or illustration, to fine art) can bring to the table tacit and “felt” knowledge, creative experience and links from analysis with synthesis. This paper first sketches the contours of a Social Science 3.0, and then demonstrates with examples how visual thinking can combine with rational argument, or extend beyond it to other forms of experience. 相似文献
248.
249.
Theda Rose Nadine Finigan-Carr Sean Joe 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2017,34(2):147-157
Though religion has been related to better mental health, the aspects of organized religious life most salient for the mental health of Caribbean Black adolescents in the US, beyond religious service attendance, has been understudied. This research utilized a sub-sample of Caribbean Black adolescents from the NSAL-A, a nationally representative U.S. dataset, to examine (1) the prevalence of organized religious involvement (e.g., participation in religious service activities, choice to attend religious services) and (2) the relationship between organized religious involvement and mental health. Results showed that 62 % of Caribbean Black adolescents attend religious services regularly (at least a few times a month) and 49 % or more attend religious services or participate in religious activities (e.g., youth groups) by choice. Additionally, various aspects of organized religious involvement were positively related to coping and self-esteem, and negatively related to depressive symptoms. Religious service attendance was not related to any of the mental health indicators. Study results can inform the development of individual and group level interventions targeted at supporting the mental health of Caribbean Black adolescents. 相似文献
250.
Housing is an important aspect of living standards and quality of life for older persons, but the housing-related problems
they may face encompass rather different circumstances, relating to the condition of the dwelling, how well equipped it is,
whether housing costs represent a serious burden, and whether the neighbourhood environment is problematic. This paper brings
out the importance of distinguishing these different dimensions of housing problems for older people, illustrated empirically
using data for Ireland from an important new European dataset. Controlling for other factors, being older is associated with
more housing quality problems but fewer housing cost and neighbourhood problems than for those of working age. The variables
predicting deprivation among older people differ across the dimensions and the correlations between the dimensions are low.
Over half the older people in the sample experience some form of housing-related deprivation, but a majority of these are
reporting only one. Scores on a summary index for older persons are much less strongly associated with factors such as household
income and poverty, marital status, and location and type of dwelling than for all households, bringing out the importance
of distinguishing and studying the different dimensions and framing appropriate policy responses to each. 相似文献