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121.
Joel Leon Telles 《The Sociological quarterly》1980,21(3):321-334
Goffman argues that individuals offer themselves to the group through well demeanored appearance for which they are granted deference. In this paper, I try to expand Goffman's insights by focusing directly on demeanor itself. From observations in Intensive Care Units, I find that demeanor is an achievement, a cooperative social accomplishment, and a form of deference. It is normatively a working ideal by which individuals gain acceptance as competent group members. A well de-meanored appearance makes interaction more pleasant; it permits others to antici pate that one will try to conform to interactional norms; it facilitates whatever task is at hand; it validates the deference that an individual grants; and it is itself a form of deference. It does not remain the responsibility of the individual, and we must therefore examine how groups constitute individuals. From the analysis, I derive explanations of the level of demeanor in a given setting, and propositions predicting the behavior of individuals within a setting. 相似文献
122.
123.
Joel A. Schmutz David H. Ward James S. Sedinger Eric A. Rexstad 《Journal of applied statistics》1995,22(5-6):673-682
Survival models assume that fates of individuals are independent, yet the robustness of this assumption has been poorly quantified. We examine how empirically derived estimates of the variance of survival rates are affected by dependency in survival probability among individuals. We used Monte Carlo simulations to generate known amounts of dependency among pairs of individuals and analyzed these data with Kaplan-Meier and Cormack-Jolly-Seber models. Dependency significantly increased these empirical variances as compared to theoretically derived estimates of variance from the same populations. Using resighting data from 168 pairs of black brant ( Branta bernicla nigricans ), we used a resampling procedure and program RELEASE to estimate empirical and mean theoretical variances. We estimated that the relationship between paired individuals caused the empirical variance of the survival rate to be 155% larger than the empirical variance for unpaired individuals. Monte Carlo simulations and use of this resampling strategy can provide investigators with information on how robust their data are to this common assumption of independent survival probabilities. 相似文献
124.
In this note, we report a dramatic improvement in the computational efficiency of semiparametric generalized least squares(SGLS) estimation. Computation of SGLS estimates no longer presents serious problems with data sets of moderate size. We also correct a numerical error in the standard errors of the SGLS estimates reported in our recent paper in this journal (Horowitz and Neumann, 1987). The corrected standard errors of SGLS are comparable to those we reported for quantile estimates. 相似文献
125.
A previous residential mobility model (Speare, 1974) assumes an additive relationship between residential satisfaction, desire to move, and mobility. This paper elaborates the model and applies it to intercounty migration. An interaction between community satisfaction and expectations to migrate is hypothesized which distinguishes four groups of decision makers. A survey in Durham, North Carolina and a unique mobility followup over eight years provide the data to test the model and the interaction. Furthermore, using various time periods for identifying migrants offers some methodological insights. Results support Speare’s general formulation but only after the interaction is taken into account. A three-year migration interval is found to be appropriate. 相似文献
126.
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Collaborative Study of Long-Term Maintenance Drug Therapy in Recurrent Affective
Illness was a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial designed to determine the efficacy of a pharmacotherapy for
the prevention of the recurrence of unipolar affective disorders. The outcome of interest in this study was the time until
the recurrence of a depressive episode. The data show much heterogeneity between centers for the placebo group. The aim of
this paper is to use Bayesian hierarchical survival models to investigate the heterogeneity of placebo effects among centers
in the NIMH study. This heterogeneity is explored in terms of the marginal posterior distributions of parameters of interest
and predictive distributions of future observations. The Gibbs sampling algorithm is used to approximate posterior and predictive
distributions. Sensitivity of results to the assumption of a constant hazard survival distribution at the first stage of the
hierarchy is examined by comparing results derived from a two component exponential mixture and a two component exponential
changepoint model to the results derived from an exponential model. The second component of the mixture and changepoint models
is assumed to be a surviving fraction. For each of these first stage parametric models sensitivity of results to second stage
prior distributions is also examined.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
127.
128.
Angela E. Boag Lawrence C. Hamilton Joel Hartter Forrest R. Stevens Michael W. Palace Mark J. Ducey 《Population and environment》2016,38(2):207-216
Public opinion can impact the success of natural resource management policies and programs. In this case study, we assess the degree to which demographic and place-based factors are associated with changing public opinions on climate change, wolves, renewable energy, and land development regulations in rural northeast Oregon. Based on cross-sectional telephone survey data collected in 2011 and 2014, our observations suggest declining support for eliminating wolves, increased support for renewable energy, and increasingly favorable views of regulations that limit development in rural landscapes. We find that while demographic change and local events contribute to some of the observed shifts in opinion on wolves, exogenous factors acting at state and national levels likely contribute to shifting opinions on climate change, renewable energy, and land use regulations. 相似文献
129.
A proof is provided to show that Gehan's 1965 generalization of the two sample Wilcoxon test lies outside the class of efficient score procedures for right censored data (Prentice 1978). 相似文献
130.
The finite sample distribution of the likelihood ratio sta-tistic is obtained for testing independence, given marginal homo-geneity, in the absolutely continuous bivariate exponential distri-bution of Block and Basu (1974). This test is discussed in light of the analysis of Gross and Lam (1981) on times to relief of head-aches for standard and new treatments on ten subjects. 相似文献