Vulvovaginal Pain from a Fear-Avoidance Perspective: A Prospective Study Among Female University Students in Sweden

Objectives: To examine how fear-avoidance influences vulvovaginal pain and sexual function over time. Method: At baseline and at 10-month follow-up, self-report measures for sexual and fear avoidance factors were obtained from 483 female university students with and without self-reported vulvovaginal pain. Results: Individuals with pain at both times reported lower sexual function, and higher levels of fear-avoidance compared to the pain-free group. Fear-avoidance beliefs predicted the occurrence of vulvovaginal pain at follow up and the level of pain intensity. Conclusion: The results points to the relevance of the components of the fear-avoidance model in vulvovaginal pain over time.     

Development,Feasibility, and Piloting of a Novel Natural Mentoring Intervention for Older Youth in Foster Care

Aging out of foster care is associated with deleterious emerging adulthood outcomes. The enduring presence of a caring adult, such as a natural mentor, can improve outcomes for emancipating foster youth. Caring Adults ‘R’ Everywhere (C.A.R.E.) is a novel, child welfare-based intervention designed to facilitate natural mentor relationships among aging-out youth. Our aims were to test the feasibility of implementing C.A.R.E. and the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled study with older foster youth. Twenty-four foster youth aged 18–20.5 years were recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 12) or control groups (n = 12). Ten natural mentors were identified and contacted for participation in the intervention and study. Process-oriented qualitative data and quantitative pre- and postintervention outcome data were collected and analyzed. Utilizing a controlled rigorous design, the findings highlight the positive experience of both the intervention youth and their natural mentors with C.A.R.E. Overall, results support the continued refinement, delivery, and rigorous testing of C.A.R.E. with great promise for programmatically supporting natural mentor relationships among youth aging out of foster care.     

„Wir mussten Coaching erstmal salonfähig machen“

In this study coaching culture is defined as a part of organizational culture that reflects the patterns of assumptions and actions concerning coaching, as well as the perception and evaluation of results and modes of effects. A qualitative study with 15 experts from six large companies revealed that positive and negative cultures concerning coaching can be differentiated. The results show a trend towards a positive culture, which needs active support. It is assumed that the coaching culture is a relevant impact factor for the efficacy of coaching.     

Interaction between employees' physical load factors and early support at the workplace

Physical workload is a continuous problem, even in modern workplaces. The purpose of the survey was to determine the effect of support on employees' physical load factors at workplaces. Training, guidance and support were the main focus areas of the early support intervention, which aimed to enable supervisors to find weak signals of impaired ergonomics.The survey was carried out in the form of a controlled longitudinal study, and the material was gathered via a questionnaire in both 2008 and 2010 from two co-operative trade groups. The final sample was 301 intervention subjects and 235 control subjects, and the response rate was 45% in both groups. We applied factor analysis to reduce the number of items. The physical load factors' sum score consisted of six items. We used logistic regression in the statistical analysis.Encouragement to improve processes at the workplace increased the probability of positive change (i.e. decrease) in physical load factors. The same applied to working pace, if individuals could control it themselves. In contrast, workload and the support of supervisors had a reversed impact on workers' physical load factors. Focusing on promoting workers' ergonomics is still important in workplaces when aiming to decrease physical load factors.     

Inequality of opportunity in adult health in Colombia

This paper measures inequality of opportunity in adult health in Colombia using the 2010 Living Standards and Social Mobility Survey, a rich dataset that provides unique information about individual childhood circumstances in that country. Dissimilarity and Gini-opportunity indexes are calculated to provide different measures of inequality of opportunity using a self-reported variable for health status. The Shapley-value decomposition is then used to estimate the contribution of early-life circumstances such as parental background, region of origin and ethnicity to inequality of opportunity. The findings suggest that 8 % to 10 % of the circumstance-driven opportunities distinctively enjoyed by those who are healthier should be redistributed or otherwise compensated in order to achieve equality of opportunity. Differences in household socio-economic status during childhood and parental educational attainment appear to be the most salient dimensions of inequality of opportunity in adult health.     

争议之地：无家可归者与亚特兰大市中心公园

在此项研究中,我们调查了公园利益相关方超过20年控制无家可归者在市中心公园活动规模的举措,以及无家可归拥护者对付这些举措的一系列回应。我们发现,伍德拉夫公园的用途和价值伴随一天的不同时间、一周的不同日子和不同季节而变化。此外,公园利益相关方虽会随时间而变更,但当局使用的策略不一定必然会朝着某个始终如一的方向发展,或者按一种常规模式变化。最终,虽然无家可归的拥护者比起过去已很少看到,但他们仍然保护了公园内的无家可归者。案例研究认为,一个公园应该是一个基础空间,即作为共有地向所有人开放;也应该是一个典范空间,在这里,没有人会被看作是入侵者。     

隐喻与诠释——诗的诠释学美学意义解读

本文以当代诠释学美学的观点,探讨中国诗学以诗作为意义之理解与解释,所隐含之隐喻的诠释学与美学的问题,尤其诗学中有关隐喻的认知、理解与解释的作用。本文首先讨论诗与诠释的美学问题,探讨孔子所谓的"言诗"和孟子所谓的"说诗"所隐含的有关以诗作为意义之理解与解释之隐喻的诠释学与美学的问题。其次,探讨诗的诠释学美学的意义,指出当代哲学美学除了一方面重新对美与艺术的概念提出定义的解释外,另一方面则以所提出的艺术或美学理论作为解释意义的方法,亦即以美学为方法,作为解释存在意义的理论基础。不过,本文的主旨并不在于套用西方美学的研究成果来解释中国传统的经典或文献意义,而是从当代美学尤其是诠释学的角度,从中国传统文献所遗留之文字片段,来理解中国以诗作为艺术存在的解释意义的方式以及其中所隐含的美学问题的向度。     

Complex trauma and mental health in children and adolescents placed in foster care: findings from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network

Many children in the child welfare system (CWS) have histories of recurrent interpersonal trauma perpetrated by caregivers early in life often referred to as complex trauma. Children in the CWS also experience a diverse range of reactions across multiple areas of functioning that are associated with such exposure. Nevertheless, few CWSs routinely screen for trauma exposure and associated symptoms beyond an initial assessment of the precipitating event. This study examines trauma histories, including complex trauma exposure (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, domestic violence), posttraumatic stress, and behavioral and emotional problems of 2,251 youth (age 0 to 21; M = 9.5, SD = 4.3) in foster care who were referred to a National Child Traumatic Stress Network site for treatment. High prevalence rates of complex trauma exposure were observed: 70.4% of the sample reported at least two of the traumas that constitute complex trauma; 11.7% of the sample reported all 5 types. Compared to youth with other types of trauma, those with complex trauma histories had significantly higher rates of internalizing problems, posttraumatic stress, and clinical diagnoses, and differed on some demographic variables. Implications for child welfare practice and future research are discussed.     

Editorial: Soziologie und Geschlechterforschung

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