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排序方式: 共有6875条查询结果,搜索用时 531 毫秒
681.
Motivators for Resolving or Seeking Help for Gambling Problems: A Review of the Empirical Literature
Helen Suurvali David C. Hodgins John A. Cunningham 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(1):1-33
This literature review summarizes recent empirical research on the reasons disordered gamblers try, through treatment or otherwise,
to resolve or reduce their gambling problems. Relevant databases and bibliographies were searched for English-language studies,
published since 1998, that asked gamblers themselves about motivators for action. Found were ten studies addressing reasons
for trying to resolve or reduce gambling problems, five addressing reasons for seeking help and four addressing reasons for
requesting self-exclusion from casinos. Help-seeking occurred largely in response to gambling-related harms (especially financial
problems, relationship issues and negative emotions) that had already happened or that were imminent. Resolution was often
motivated by the same kinds of harms but evaluation/decision-making and changes in lifestyle or environment played a more
prominent role. Self-exclusion was motivated by harms, evaluation/decision-making and a wish to regain control. Awareness
and educational materials could incorporate messages that might encourage heavy gamblers to make changes before harms became
too great. Intervention development could also benefit from more research on the motivators leading to successful (vs. failed)
resolution, as well as on the ways in which disordered gamblers are able to overcome specific barriers to seeking help or
reaching resolution. 相似文献
682.
Stephen L. Brown 《Risk analysis》2010,30(7):1092-1098
Risk perception theories posit that changes in risk perception prompt subsequent changes in risk behavior. Prospective studies using observations made at three time‐points offer the capacity to test this hypothesis by observing sequential changes in both risk perceptions and behavior. A telephone survey was administered by random‐digit dialing to 255 adult Australian drivers at baseline (T1), 6 weeks (T2), and 14 weeks (T3). During weeks 2–5, a risk‐perception‐based anti‐speeding mass media campaign was conducted. The survey assessed risk perception, operationalized as the proportion of time that driving at 70 km/h (43 mph) was perceived to be dangerous, and self‐reported speeding behavior, defined as the frequency of respondents driving 5 km (3 mph) faster than the legal speed limit in built up areas. Higher T2 risk perception predicted lower T3 self‐reports of speeding after controlling T1 risk perception and T1 and T2 self‐reported speeding. This can be interpreted as changes in risk perceptions between T1 and T2 predicting changes in speeding between T2 and T3. Further analyses showed that increases in risk perception predicted lower subsequent self‐reported speeding changes, but decreases in risk perception were unrelated to those changes. Risk perception changes were unrelated to recall of exposure to the media campaign. These findings support a dynamic view of the relationship between risk perception and self‐reported behavior, and that risk perception theories can be applied to speeding. 相似文献
683.
John Welshman 《Children & Society》2010,24(2):89-99
This article uses the history of debates over the US Head Start programme (1965), Early Head Start (1994) and the UK Sure Start initiative (1998), as a window on to policy transfer. In all the three, the aim was that early intervention could offer a means of boosting children’s educational attainment and of countering the wider effects of poverty on development. Nevertheless, there were also important differences between them. The first part of the article looks at UK responses to Head Start, the second at Early Head Start and the creation and subsequent direction taken by Sure Start. In the Conclusion, we sum up the arguments relating to Head Start and Sure Start and offer some broader reflections on policy transfer. 相似文献
684.
Hanfeng Chen Jiahua Chen & John D. Kalbfleisch 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology》2001,63(1):19-29
Testing for homogeneity in finite mixture models has been investigated by many researchers. The asymptotic null distribution of the likelihood ratio test (LRT) is very complex and difficult to use in practice. We propose a modified LRT for homogeneity in finite mixture models with a general parametric kernel distribution family. The modified LRT has a χ-type of null limiting distribution and is asymptotically most powerful under local alternatives. Simulations show that it performs better than competing tests. They also reveal that the limiting distribution with some adjustment can satisfactorily approximate the quantiles of the test statistic, even for moderate sample sizes. 相似文献
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John J. 《Journal of African American Studies (formerly Journal of African American Men)》2001,5(4):65-80
The earnings of African American males have increased in real terms over the past 50 years, but there still are marked differences in their progress relative to either whites or Asian Americans. This gap has been linked to differences in levels of education and other human capital issues. It has been hypothesized the military service serves as a buffer to adverse labor market characteristics. This paper examines the role of military service on the post-service wages of African American males in the post-draft era. 相似文献
689.
Pradeep Ravikumar John Lafferty Han Liu Larry Wasserman 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology》2009,71(5):1009-1030
Summary. We present a new class of methods for high dimensional non-parametric regression and classification called sparse additive models. Our methods combine ideas from sparse linear modelling and additive non-parametric regression. We derive an algorithm for fitting the models that is practical and effective even when the number of covariates is larger than the sample size. Sparse additive models are essentially a functional version of the grouped lasso of Yuan and Lin. They are also closely related to the COSSO model of Lin and Zhang but decouple smoothing and sparsity, enabling the use of arbitrary non-parametric smoothers. We give an analysis of the theoretical properties of sparse additive models and present empirical results on synthetic and real data, showing that they can be effective in fitting sparse non-parametric models in high dimensional data. 相似文献
690.
John W. Heeren 《Symbolic Interaction》1999,22(2):163-179
One of the concerns in recent work on the sociology of emotions is the link between emotions and social bonding. A version of this issue has also been discussed in research on disasters, with the focus being on how the crisis leads to the cohesion essential to recovery and rebuilding. This paper provides an analysis of a fire and its aftermath and shows how central emotions are to understanding the social psychology of the event. Most important here is the fact that, when identifying themselves as fire victims, those affected by the disaster assumed that they experienced the same profound emotions at the same time. This emotional simultaneity led fire victims to emphasize their bonds to one another and heighten their boundaries with nonvictims. In turn, this led to their providing social support, comparative experiences, and practical assistance to each other. 相似文献