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881.
We experimentally investigate the sensitivity of bidders demanding multiple units of a homogeneous commodity to the demand reduction incentives inherent in uniform price auctions. There is substantial demand reduction in both sealed bid and ascending price clock auctions with feedback regarding rivals' drop‐out prices. Although both auctions have the same normal form representation, bidding is much closer to equilibrium in the ascending price auctions. We explore the behavioral process underlying these differences along with dynamic Vickrey auctions designed to eliminate the inefficiencies resulting from demand reduction in the uniform price auctions. 相似文献
882.
John Vereker 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2002,20(2):133-140
Rarely do serving senior civil servants speak in public or write for the record: that has tended to be the prerogative of the ministers whom they support. Until February 2002, Sir John Vereker was Permanent Secretary of the UK Department for International Development (DFID). He was invited to address an audience of politicians and development experts, at the All‐Party Parliamentary Group on Overseas Development, on his unique experience of serving for equal periods as head of the former Overseas Development Administration and DFID, at a time of intense policy change. He secured the assent of his Secretary of State and the Editors of Development Policy Review judged that his contribution deserved to be read by a wider audience. 相似文献
883.
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885.
Declines in mortality rates for females at older ages in some developed countries, including the United States, have slowed
in recent decades even as decreases have steadily continued in some other countries. This study presents a modified version
of the indirect Peto-Lopez method, which uses lung cancer mortality rates as a proxy for smoking exposure, to analyze this
trend. The modified method estimates smoking-attributable mortality for more-specific age groups than does the Peto-Lopez
method. An adjustment factor is also introduced to account for low mortality in the indirect method’s study population. These
modifications are shown to be useful specifically in the estimation of deaths attributable to smoking for females at older
ages, and in the estimation of smoking-attributable mortality more generally. In a comparison made between the United States
and France with the modified method, smoking is found to be responsible for approximately one-half the difference in life
expectancy for females at age 65. 相似文献
886.
Klaus Deininger John Okidi 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2003,21(4):481-509
To explore factors underlying growth and poverty reduction in Africa while overcoming some of the limitations of cross‐country analysis, this article uses micro‐level survey and panel‐data evidence from Uganda spanning 1992–2000. The high elasticity of both income growth and poverty reduction with respect to agricultural output (coffee) prices confirms the benefits from Uganda's decisive liberalisation of output markets. It also suggests the importance of product diversification to protect the poor against price shocks and the potential of cotton‐market improvements in tackling persistent poverty in the North. The importance of improving access to basic education and health care emerges more clearly than in cross‐country analysis, but benefits depend on complementary investments in electricity and other infrastructure, and reductions in civil strife. 相似文献
887.
John J. Hisnanick 《LABOUR》2003,17(1):25-45
The earnings of African–American males have increased over the past 50 years, but differences remain in their economic progress relative to either white or Asian Americans. Labor market disadvantages in the past were the result of overt discrimination; however, the earnings gap experienced over the last four decades has been linked to human capital differences. It is hypothesized that military service provides a buffer for adverse labor market characteristics for young African–American males and this paper discusses the returns from military service as reflected in their post–service wages. 相似文献
888.
John Devaney Luke Power Paula Jacobs Gavin Davidson Rachel Hiller Joanna Martin Claire McCartan Pearse McCusker Rosie McGuire Alice Phillips Autumn Roesch-Marsh Anita Thapar 《Child & Family Social Work》2023,28(4):960-970
Young people who are currently or were previously in state care have consistently been found to have much higher rates of mental health and neurodevelopmental difficulties than the general youth population. While a number of high-quality reviews highlight what research has been undertaken in relation to the mental health of young people with care experience and the gaps in our knowledge and understanding, there is, until now, no consensus, so far as we aware, as to where our collective research efforts should be directed with this important group. Through a series of UK wide workshops, we undertook a consultative process to identify an agreed research agenda between those with lived experience of being in care (n = 15), practitioners, policy makers and researchers (n = 59), for future research regarding the mental health of young people with care experience, including those who are neurodiverse/have a neurodevelopmental difficulty. This consensus statement identified 21 foci within four broad categories: how we conceptualize mental health; under-studied populations; under-studied topics; and underused methodologies. We hope that those who commission, fund and undertake research will engage in this discussion about the future agenda for research regarding the mental health of young people with care experience. 相似文献
889.
John Devaney Colm Walsh Lisa Bunting Paul Best Gavin Davidson Ciaran Mulholland Declan French Michael Duffy 《Child & Family Social Work》2023,28(4):1225-1234
The use of standardized screening tools to identify trauma exposure and associated symptoms is commonly recommended as a key component in the development of trauma informed services and is seen as integral to facilitating access to evidence-based therapies. However, there is limited evidence in the UK about the factors influencing the adoption of such tools into routine practice in children's social care. This paper presents the findings from a process evaluation of how practitioners implemented a screening tool for post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression into their day-to-say practice and what worked or did not work during the process. The findings from this study highlight the potential benefits for both young people and practitioners, alongside some of the challenges involved. In particular, practitioners need to see the direct benefit for young people of being assessed. Additionally, practitioners value regular mentoring as they become more proficient in using standardized screening tools. 相似文献
890.
Leah J. Plunkett John Reece Matthew P. Symond Tania Leung 《Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy》2023,44(2):162-178
Child mental health disorders represent a major burden to public health in Australia due to high prevalence rates, the widespread impact across domains, and the potential for difficulties to persist into adolescence and adulthood. Extensive evidence exists for the use of parent management training and cognitive behavioural therapy to treat difficulties experienced by children; however, a proportion of children do not benefit as expected from these treatments. The use of complementary therapeutic approaches and variations to the mode and intensity of existing intervention is warranted; family inpatient units represent a unique example of this. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a well-established Australian inpatient unit that admits the whole family, for children aged 12 years and younger referred with mental health, behavioural, or emotional difficulties. This study's longitudinal within-subject study design utilised routinely collected outcome data from the systemic clinical outcome and routine evaluation, 15 item (SCORE-15)—a valid and reliable measure of family functioning—from a sample of 980 participants attending the Family Residential Program. This study reported significant improvement in family functioning across all outcome variables between baseline and post-intervention, with no variables returning to pre-intervention levels at follow-up. Clinically significant changes in overall family functioning showed that 37% of participant scores moved from the clinical range at baseline to the nonclinical range post-intervention. This study represents the first empirical evaluation of the Family Residential Program, and the reported results provide compelling evidence for the program to effect improvement in family functioning for families with long-standing and severe difficulties. Poor rates of questionnaire completion following intervention frequent the literature base of family inpatient units, with low post-intervention (56%) and follow-up (12%) rates evident in this study. This study uniquely contributes to the growing evidence base of family inpatient units using rigorous evaluation methods. 相似文献