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211.
H. K. Chan 《生产规划与管理》2013,24(4):350-360
Reverse logistics is considered to be the key for re-manufacturing and sustainable development. It has gained increasing attention in the last decade and has been a new frontier of strategic management. One of the driving forces for firms to adopt the reverse logistics practice is cost saving from reverse logistics activities. Another motivation to put reverse logistics forward is probably due to environmental impacts on non-returnable materials. Reverse logistics, however, may require cooperation of more than one company and hence it is generally poorly managed due to self-interest of different companies. Therefore, a pro-active and collaborative approach to reverse logistics is demanded. This paper reports a case study of using returnable packaging materials between a manufacturer and an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) supplier. A cross-company team was established to pursue the goal of the reverse logistics project. Tangible and intangible benefits of reverse logistics from this case study are presented in this paper. 相似文献
212.
Information produced by ERP systems is termed JIT-information, since it is provided at the right time in the right place with a minimum of waste. The JIT-information construct is defined and described and a measurement scale is developed. A JIT-information performance model is proposed and assessed using a structural equation modelling methodology. The results indicate that the model fits the data well: (1) supply chain management strategy positively impacts JIT-information, (2) JIT-information directly impacts both logistics and organisational performance, and (3) logistics performance directly impacts organisational performance. 相似文献
213.
Gino K. Yang Robert Lin Jennifer Lin Kuo-Chen Hung Peter Chu Wayne Chouhuang 《生产规划与管理》2013,24(4):437-444
This article explores the inventory model with a general demand rate function in which both the Weibull distributed deterioration and partial backlogging are considered. The inventory model discussed here is based on the important finding by Wu [Wu, K.S., 2001. An EOQ inventory model for items with Weibull distribution deterioration, ramp type demand rate and partial backlogging. Production Planning and Control, 12, 787–793]. There are four parts in our research. First, we derive the analytical framework of the inventory model for a general demand rate function1. Second, for the ramp type demand, we improve Wu's model to find the criterion to guarantee the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solution. Third, we develop a new model to compensate for the missing case in Wu's article. Fourth, we combine our results to show that our findings are applicable to the ramp type demand inventory model, so that the optimal solution is independent of the demand function. Finally, some numerical examples and graphs are provided to illustrate our discovery and demonstrate the application of our analytical framework. 相似文献
214.
The use of surrogate variables has been proposed as a means to capture, for a given observed set of data, sources driving the dependency structure among high-dimensional sets of features and remove the effects of those sources and their potential negative impact on simultaneous inference. In this article we illustrate the potential effects of latent variables on testing dependence and the resulting impact on multiple inference, we briefly review the method of surrogate variable analysis proposed by Leek and Storey (PNAS 2008; 105:18718-18723), and assess that method via simulations intended to mimic the complexity of feature dependence observed in real-world microarray data. The method is also assessed via application to a recent Merck microarray data set. Both simulation and case study results indicate that surrogate variable analysis can offer a viable strategy for tackling the multiple testing dependence problem when the features follow a potentially complex correlation structure, yielding improvements in the variability of false positive rates and increases in power. 相似文献
215.
A massive dataset is characterized by its size and complexity. In its most basic form, such a dataset can be represented as a collection of n observations on p variables. Aggravation or even impasse can result if either number is huge. The more difficult challenge is usually associated with the case of very high dimensionality or ‘big p’. There is a fast growing literature on how to handle such challenges, but most of it is in a supervised learning context involving a specific objective function, as in regression or classification. Much less is known about effective strategies for more exploratory data analytic activities. The purpose of this article is to put into historical perspective much of the recent research on dimensionality reduction and variable selection in such problems. Examples of applications that have stimulated this research are discussed along with a sampling of the latest methodologies to illustrate the onslaught of creative ideas that have surfaced. From a practitioner's perspective, the most effective strategy may be to emphasize the role of interdisciplinary teamwork with decisions on how best to grapple with high dimensionality emerging from a mixture of statistical thinking and consideration of the circumstances of the application. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 95–103 DOI: 10.1002/wics.141 This article is categorized under:
- Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Exploratory Data Analysis
- Data: Types and Structure > Massive Data
- Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
216.
Chris M. R. Smerecnik Ilse Mesters Math J. J. M. Candel Hein De Vries Nanne K. De Vries 《Risk analysis》2012,32(1):54-66
The role of information processing in understanding people's responses to risk information has recently received substantial attention. One limitation of this research concerns the unavailability of a validated questionnaire of information processing. This article presents two studies in which we describe the development and validation of the Information‐Processing Questionnaire to meet that need. Study 1 describes the development and initial validation of the questionnaire. Participants were randomized to either a systematic processing or a heuristic processing condition after which they completed a manipulation check and the initial 15‐item questionnaire and again two weeks later. The questionnaire was subjected to factor reliability and validity analyses on both measurement times for purposes of cross‐validation of the results. A two‐factor solution was observed representing a systematic processing and a heuristic processing subscale. The resulting scale showed good reliability and validity, with the systematic condition scoring significantly higher on the systematic subscale and the heuristic processing condition significantly higher on the heuristic subscale. Study 2 sought to further validate the questionnaire in a field study. Results of the second study corresponded with those of Study 1 and provided further evidence of the validity of the Information‐Processing Questionnaire. The availability of this information‐processing scale will be a valuable asset for future research and may provide researchers with new research opportunities. 相似文献
217.
For a knowledge‐ and skill‐centric organization, the process of knowledge management encompasses three important and closely related elements: (i) task assignments, (ii) knowledge acquisition through training, and (iii) maintaining a proper level of knowledge inventory among the existing workforce. Trade‐off on choices between profit maximization in the short run and agility and flexibility in the long term is a vexing problem in knowledge management. In this study, we examine the effects of different training strategies on short‐term operational efficiency and long‐term workforce flexibility. We address our research objective by developing a computational model for task and training assignment in a dynamic knowledge environment consisting of multiple distinct knowledge dimensions. Overall, we find that organizational slack is an important variable in determining the effectiveness of training strategies. Training strategies focused on the most recent skills are found to be the preferred option in most of the considered scenarios. Interestingly, increased efficiencies in training can actually create preference conflict between employees and the firm. Our findings indicate that firms facing longer knowledge life cycles, higher slack in workforce capacity, and better training efficiencies actually face more difficult challenges in knowledge management. 相似文献
218.
As employees encounter problems in the performance of their jobs, they experience organizational role stress (ORS). According to this study of managers in private‐sector multinational firms in India, ORS varies across low, middle, and high management levels and is affected by such factors as inter‐role distance, role stagnation, role isolation, role expectations conflict, role erosion, role overload, personal inadequacy, self/role conflict, role ambiguity, and resource inadequacy. Human resource professionals can use the study findings to properly evaluate the causes of stress at various hier‐archical levels and ultimately develop methods to reduce stress throughout the organization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
219.
Andrew McLennan Paulo K. Monteiro Rabee Tourky 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2011,79(5):1643-1664
We provide a pure Nash equilibrium existence theorem for games with discontinuous payoffs whose hypotheses are in a number of ways weaker than those of the theorem of Reny (1999). In comparison with Reny's argument, our proof is brief. Our result subsumes a prior existence result of Reny (1999) that is not covered by his theorem. We use the main result to prove the existence of pure Nash equilibrium in a class of finite games in which agents' pure strategies are subsets of a given set, and in turn use this to prove the existence of stable configurations for games, similar to those used by Schelling (1971, 1972) to study residential segregation, in which agents choose locations. 相似文献
220.
Michael K. Lindell 《Risk analysis》2011,31(10):1676-1691
This study tested a series of models predicting household expectations of participating in hurricane hazard mitigation incentive programs. Data from 599 households in Florida revealed that mitigation incentive adoption expectations were most strongly and consistently related to hazard intrusiveness and risk perception and, to a lesser extent, worry. Demographic and hazard exposure had indirect effects on mitigation incentive adoption expectations that were mediated by the psychological variables. The results also revealed differences in the factors affecting mitigation incentive adoption expectations for each of five specific incentive programs. Overall, the results suggest that hazard managers are more likely to increase participation in mitigation incentive programs if they provide messages that repeatedly (thus increasing hazard intrusiveness) remind people of the likelihood of severe negative consequences of hurricane impact (thus increasing risk perception). 相似文献