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831.
Jonathan B. Welch 《Long Range Planning》1984,17(2):144-147
From a financial point of view the long-term ultimate goal of the firm is to maximize its stock price. A high P/E multiple keeps existing stockholders satisfied, reduces the chances that a corporate pirate will attempt to raid the company, and also facilitates the company's own acquisitions.Therefore, financial managers are especially interested in answers to the questions of if and how strategic planning can help to improve the price-earnings multiple. The results of the study summarized in this article answer the first question in the affirmative and give at least a partial answer to the second. Contrary to the conclusion of some other recent studies, this study finds a definite long-term financial payoff from strategic planning. Furthermore, it suggests that strategic planning may be more effective if it is conducted at the corporate rather than solely at the division level.If maximization of stock price is a corporate goal, delegation of strategic planning entirely to the division level may result in a high cost to stockholders. 相似文献
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An examination of three characteristics of evaluation reveals significant divisions of opinion, suggesting that it is premature to seek a defining conceptual framework for this still evolving field. Therefore an alternative approach toward understanding evaluation is followed: empirical manifestations of the history and current state of evaluation are examined for evidence of growth and integration.A review of the history of evaluation suggests four causes for its recent growth: new accountability requirements, greater interest among social scientists in social relevance, a scarcity of resources for the traditional social sciences, and an expansion of methods useful for research in applied settings.Three empirical signs of the new field are described: the concepts and strategies employed in evaluation efforts, the discipline of practicing evaluators, and dissemination of evaluation information. The conclusions suggest that there are both signs of cohesiueness and immaturity in the current state of evaluation. 相似文献
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Sociological models of professionalization are applied to recent events in program evaluation in order to understand the development of the field and to predict future events. The focus is on problems that might arise and on the necessity of ameliorating them. The possibility of eliminating such problems is discounted since they appear to be integral elements of the process of professionalization. Major elements of the analysis include discussions of the consequences of the development of a specialized body of evaluation knowledge, the definition of evaluation tasks, exclusivity in the performance of those tasks, the development of professional associations, and problems in the training of evaluators. The reasons for problems in these areas are presented and the importance of being aware of the origin of the problems is discussed. 相似文献
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Jonathan H. Turner 《Sociological Forum》1990,5(1):37-53
Some approaches to metatheory are criticized for their tendency to avoid scientific sociology's central task: to explain how the social universe operates. While much metatheory is intellectually stimulating, it can also be debilitating in that it pulls social theory into reviews of the history of ideas, textual debate, philosophical discourse, ideological critique, and other unresolvable intellectual issues. In so doing, metatheory directs attention away from the analysis of the operative dynamics of the social world. Such need not be the case, however, for metatheory can be used to produce better theories. A general strategy for using metatheory to produce theory is proposed, and portions of this strategy are illustrated with a preliminary analysis of several conflict theories. 相似文献