Trust, inequality and the market

This article examines, experimentally, whether inequality affects the social capital of trust in non-market and market settings. We consider three experimental treatments, one with equality, one with inequality but no knowledge of the income of other agents, and one with inequality and knowledge. Inequality, particularly when it is known, has a corrosive effect on trusting behaviours in this experiment. Agents appear to be less sensitive to known relative income differentials in markets than they are in the non-market settings, but trust in markets appears generally more vulnerable to the introduction of inequality than in the non-market setting.     

“The Story of My Life”: AIDS and ‘Autobiographical Occasions’

Talk and ‘telling’ have assumed prominent roles in preventing HIV and promoting life with the disease at the start of the twenty-first century. Our concern in this paper is to show how social structures and circumstances shape the narrative productions of HIV positive patients whose lives are institutionally managed. We consider what ‘telling’ means when young women with few economic resources are encouraged or mandated to talk about themselves by case managers, researchers, therapists, welfare workers, and clinic staff. We organize our analysis around three such ‘autobiographical occasions’: disclosures to intimate partners prompted by agents of the state; employment opportunities in which women are hired to tell others about living with HIV as peer educators or outreach health workers; and research interviews. We argue that storylines about living with HIV have been laid down by powerful social actors whose illness experiences do not reflect those of many poor patients. These formulations constitute an ‘archive’ which organizes institutional practices and discourses. These matter not only because they provide patients with a language through which to render their actions meaningful, but because they shape the everyday experience of HIV outside the clinic, the welfare office, and the therapy session.

Elder abuse coverage in newspapers: regional differences and its comparison to child-abuse coverage

Dozens of studies have examined how the press portrays crime. Most of these studies focus on some aspect of the criminal or the response to the event. Few have considered the portrayal of victims and even fewer have examined the way the media portrays older victims. To fill this void, this study examines (1) whether elder abuse coverage varies across newspapers and (2) how the extent of elder abuse coverage compares to child-abuse coverage. Results indicate that regional differences appear to exist and child abuse receives far more coverage than elder abuse. Implications are provided.     

From Decolonization to Postcolonial Management: Challenging Heritage Administration and Governance in New Zealand

In the 1990s, we witnessed the rise of a new form of management over cultural affairs in the Americas and Oceania as their respective indigenous populations strove for greater participation in governance. This article illustrates the characteristics of this new current in the public sector by examining recent innovations in heritage administration and governance in New Zealand. In particular, this paper deals with organizational, managerial, and professional practices in New Zealand??s cultural sector by focusing on the Museum of New Zealand and the partnership between the Ministry for Culture and Heritage and the indigenous M??ori community.     

Dimensions of mental health: Life satisfaction,positive affect,anxiety and depression

Psychological well-being and psychological distress are often regarded as distinct, if not orthogonal dimensions of mental health. Based on analyses in this paper, we consider the distinction misleading. Four dimensions seem worth measuring in general population surveys: life satisfaction, positive affect, anxiety and depression. Furthermore, one of the well-being dimensions, life satisfaction, is quite strongly correlated with a distress dimension, depression. A person is unlikely to be both satisfied with life and depressed, but may be satisfied and anxious. The paper is based on convergent validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses) and divergent validity assessments of a range of widely used measures, which were included in the Victorian Quality of Life Panel Survey, 1987.     

Some demographic consequences of changing cohort fertility patterns: An investigation using the Gompertz function

Abstract In this paper are formulated some convenient summary measures of fertility patterns. These measures, which are based on the Gompertz function, are total lifetime fertility, median age of mothers at childbirth, and inter-quartile range of age of mothers at childbirth. Estimates of the parameters of Gompertz function, based on Canadian data, are used to derive, for each of the summary measures, values which reflect historical fertility experience, and thus give an impression about the range of realistic values for these measures. A simple model of demographic activity which includes the Gompertz function is also considered, and this model is used in computer simulation experiments to determine the macro-demographic effects of changes in each of the three summary measures.     

Training and job mobility among young workers in the United States

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth from 1987 to 1992, the determinants of training and the impact of training on job turnover are examined for young private sector workers in the United States. It is found that the receipt of company training is positively correlated with education, ability, and prior tenure at the job. The results provide only limited evidence that company training reduces turnover. There is substantial evidence, however, that training which is not financed by employers increases job mobility. The results imply that training plays an important role in the job search and job matching process among young workers. JEL classification: J24, J41, J63 Received December 11, 1995/Accepted June 27, 1996     

Historical changes in the household division of labor

A number of studies published in the 1970s asserted that the amount of time women spend doing housework shows no historical decline. This article draws on evidence from time-budget surveys—three from the United States (1965, 1975, and 1985) and three from the United Kingdom (1961, 1974, and 1984)—to investigate the evolution of housework time for men and women over the last three decades. Clearly much other than housework has changed over this period. More women have paid jobs, more men are unemployed, and families have gotten smaller on average. Even having controlled for such sociodemographic changes, we conclude that in the two countries, women in the 1980s do substantially less housework than those in equivalent circumstances in the 1960s, and that men do a little more than they did (although still much less than women). These changes correspond closely to developments in four other countries (Canada, Holland, Denmark, and Norway) for which historical time-budget evidence is available.     

创新与语法

一门语法,是对语言这个意义潜势系统进行多层次、多功能的描摹,为讨论人类在语言方面的无尽创造力提供了一个有效而实用的框架。语言的创新性源于生成意义的资源,该资源在各个语言层面运作。无论是语言艺术、语言游戏抑或修辞手段,语法都不可能对语言的创造性进行全面预测。正如对诗人Edwin Thumboo的《一个诗人在朗诵》一诗作出的语言学解读所示,一首诗歌的意义,是由它所有可能的解读来界定,这种解读可以来自作诗的诗人,也可以来自读者。《一个诗人在朗诵》既展示了语言的创造性,也喻示了我们将经验转换为意义的无限创造力的神圣①。