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261.
Antonio Sérgio Alfredo Guimarães 《Social Identities》2019,25(1):76-90
ABSTRACTIn this paper, I try to clarify the notions of racialisation and racial formation and how they operate in the framework of nation states like Brazil. My main argument is that these processes are always constrained by the formation of social classes and national cultural repertoires even if transnational forces are important in nurturing them. I conclude by making a preliminary effort to unravel mechanisms and institutions which allow these processes of racialisation and racial formation to form part of the daily lives of black Brazilians in the context of class-structured urban spaces. 相似文献
262.
A powerful test of fit for normal distributions is proposed. Based on the Lévy characterization, the test statistic is the sample correlation coefficient of normal quantiles and sums of pairs of observations from a random sample. Since the test statistic is location-scale invariant, critical values can be obtained by simulation without estimating any parameters. It is proved that this test is consistent. A power comparison study including some directed tests shows that the proposed test is competitive, it is more powerful than the well-known Jarque–Bera test, and it is comparable to Shapiro–Wilk test against a number of alternatives. 相似文献
263.
Gambino B 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(4):393-404
The difference between test accuracy and predictive accuracy is presented and defined. The failure to distinguish between these two types of measures is shown to have led to a misguided debate over the interpretation of prevalence estimates. The distinction between test accuracy defined as sensitivity and specificity, and predictive accuracy defined as positive and negative predictive value is shown to reflect the choice of the denominator used to calculate true positive, false positive, false negative, and true negative rates. It is further shown that any instrument will tend to overestimate prevalence in low base rate populations and underestimate it in those populations where prevalence is high. The implications of these observations are then discussed in terms of the need to define diagnostic thresholds that have clinical and policy relevance. 相似文献
264.
Crystal methamphetamine (aka "crystal meth") use with high-risk sex has become an emerging health problem for gay and bisexual men in New York City since the late 1990s. Public health campaigns were eventually developed to encourage gay and bisexual men to avoid or reconsider using crystal meth. Reactions to three campaigns were measured with a cross-sectional survey administered in 2004. Among an ethnically-diverse sample of 971 gay and bisexual men, 61.8% reported seeing the campaigns. Those who reported ever using crystal meth, recent use, and recent use with sex were significantly more likely to have seen the campaigns. In general, white men, HIV-negative men, and men not currently using crystal meth responded more positively to the campaigns than their counterparts; yet, more men of color reported having discussions with partners and friends about their crystal use as a result of these campaigns. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed. 相似文献
265.
本文分析了计算机界面是如何组成和构造审美经验的,其出发点是本雅明的《机械复制时代的艺术作品》。文章先从细部讨论本雅明的膜拜价值和展示价值的观念,而后把数据库作为范式模型,勾勒出创建计算机对象的基本操作,最后解释为什么说数据库从本体论上把以展示价值为特征的现代艺术作品转变为以操控价值为特征的后现代艺术作品。 相似文献
266.
In this account of the history of voting-power measurement, we confine ourselves to the concept of a priori voting power. We show how the concept was re-invented several times and how the circumstances in which it was reinvented led to conceptual confusion as to the true meaning of what is being measured. In particular, power-as-influence was conflated with value in the sense of transferable utility cooperative game theory (power as share in constant total payoff). Influence was treated, improperly, as though it were transferable utility, and hence an additive and distributive quantity. We provide examples of the resulting misunderstanding and mis-directed criticism. 相似文献
267.
In this article we summarize work with poor, inner-city Hispanic and African American families conducted at the University of Miami Center for Family Studies. We elucidate ways in which this research program has paralleled the treatment development paradigm and has been responsive to changes in local demographics. Specific cultural issues pertaining to Hispanics and African Americans are discussed in light of treatment development and implementation. Future directions and challenges for working with poor, inner-city minority families are addressed. 相似文献
268.
In this paper we give some properties of the expected values of any order statistic when one of its adjacent order statistics
is known (order mean function) from a sequence of sizen of independent and identically distributed random variables with discrete distribution. Furthermore, we obtain the explicit
expressions of the distribution from these order mean functions, and finally, we show the necessary and sufficient conditions
for any real function to be an order mean function. We also add some examples of characterization of discrete distributions
from the order mean functions.
Partially supported by Consejería de Cultura y Educación (C.A.R.M.), under Grant PIB 95/90. 相似文献
269.
Antonio Abatemarco 《Journal of Economic Inequality》2010,8(4):475-490
Opportunity egalitarians support rich-to-poor redistribution whenever this allows for the compensation of income disparities
due to non-responsible choices (circumstances). In this paper we focus on the measurement of opportunity inequality within
Roemer’s (Philos Public Aff 22:146–166, 1993) pragmatic theory where a disjoint and exhaustive partition rule is assumed such that individuals within the same population
can be grouped depending on the sole circumstances. Given entropy-based, deprivation-based and welfaristic inequality decomposition
procedures, we show that the between-group Gini component from Dagum’s decomposition is the only well known between-group
inequality index satisfying the Pigou-Dalton principle of transfer as reformulated for opportunity egalitarianism. 相似文献
270.