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101.
This study analyzes the degree of competition through individual actions and reactions. Empirical support for this analysis has derived mainly from structural econometric models describing the nature of competition. This analysis extends the existing literature by empirically considering a direct measurement of competition through the analysis of the competitive actions and responses, and describing how firms compete within and between strategic groups. We estimate the firms’ conduct in the Spanish deposits market with 146 firms and 18,888 observations. This is a specially compelling context for the banking industry, in which a deregulation process gives rise to the adoption of aggressive strategies seeking to increase the market shares of deposit accounts; thus, producing a turbulent situation of increasing rivalry. Our results offer a deeper understanding of the firms’ competitive behavior, since we identify different patterns of actions and reactions depending upon the strategic group the firm belongs to. 相似文献
102.
This paper provides a fortran algorithm that can be used to compute the cdf of the product of two normal distribution random variables. We also give references that provide mathematical properties, tables, and applications of this distribution 相似文献
103.
René M. Bakker 《国际管理评论杂志》2010,12(4):466-486
This paper brings together the research on temporary organizational forms. Despite a recent surge in publications on this topic, there have been few attempts to integrate knowledge on what we know of such temporary forms of organization. In order to correct this, an integrative framework is proposed around four central themes: time, team, task and context. Within each of these themes, the paper offers an overview of the literature, the gaps in what we know, and what future directions might be taken by scholars hoping to contribute to this important and rapidly growing field. 相似文献
104.
Prof. Dr. Dodo zu Knyphausen-Aufseß Dipl.-Kfm. René Linke Dipl.-Kffr. Petra Nikol 《Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft》2010,80(5):561-609
Unions, particularly in Germany, are the subject matter of intense public debates as well as discussions in academic research, which corroborate the former. The last systematically conducted analysis of the status quo in academic research was done in spring 2001. In view of the rather dramatic symptoms of the crisis German unions are facing, it is time to incorporate the latest results of scientific research. This paper addresses this task against the background of a systematic literature review. Three application areas are distilled out of a total of 79 pieces of research that are considered relevant and intensively discussed: (1) the membership in German unions, (2) the unions in the German system of industrial relations and (3) the reformation of the German unions. The detected symptoms of the unions' crisis are impressively documented and explained by the studies. However, shortcomings regarding the respective research questions and the development of recommendations for future courses of action for the unions can also be identified. 相似文献
105.
André Lucas 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(10):2363-2380
This paper considers the robustness properties in the time series context of the least median of squares (LMS) estimator. The influence function of the LMS estimator is derived under additive outlier contamination. This influence function is redescending and bounded for fixed values of the AR parameters. The gross-error sensitivity, however, is an unbounded function of the AR parameters. In order to asses the global robustness behavior of the LMS estimator, we consider several notions of breakdown. The breakdown points of the LMS estimator depend on the value of the underlying AR parameter. Generally, the breakdown point is below one half for high values of the AR parameter. The bias curves of the LMS estimator reveal, however, that the magnitude of outliers has to be considerable in order to cause breakdown. 相似文献
106.
José Luis Ramos 《Social history》2013,38(2):283-285
Susan Migden Socolow, The Bureaucrats of Buenos Aires, 1769–1810: Amor al Real Servicio (1987), xxi + 356 (Duke University Press, Durham, N.C., $45.00). W. Hamish Fraser, Conflict and Class. Scottish Workers 1700–1838 (1988), 202 (John Donald, £20.00). Margaret Ripley Wolfe, Kingsport, Tennessee: A Planned American City (1987), xii + 259 (The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, £24.00). Carl Chinn, They Worked All Their Lives. Women of the Urban Poor in England, 1880–1939 (1988), xii + 187 (Manchester University Press, Manchester, £22.50). Linda Bryder, Below the Magic Mountain: A Social History of Tuberculosis in Twentieth‐Century Britain (1988), xv + 298 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, £30.00). F. B. Smith, The Retreat of Tuberculosis 1850–1950 (1988), 271 (Croom Helm, £25.00). 相似文献
107.
Pablo Acosta 《Population research and policy review》2011,30(4):569-589
This article looks at the consequences of migration in terms of child education and child labor using a unique rural panel
dataset for El Salvador. Results suggest gender differences in the consequences of migration on child activities that remain
in El Salvador. While female migration tends to reduce child labor, both in domestic and non-domestic activities, male migration
seems to stimulate it, in particular in terms of domestic labor. In contrast, while male migration has null or slightly positive
impact in terms of school enrollment rates, female migration apparently reduces the likelihood that a particular child stays
at school. Some of these results differ according to the gender of the child. The results do not seem to be driven by female
migrants remitting more than males, but rather to alternative competing explanations, such as the existence of child–adult
male labor substitution, differences in the use of remittances by gender of the recipient person, or limited ability to monitor
funds when remitted by female migrants. 相似文献
108.
A Corporate Culture Pattern to Manage Business Ethics 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Enrique Claver Juan Llopis José L. Gascó 《International Journal of Value-Based Management》2002,15(1):151-163
Within the general frame of proposals for an adequate management of business ethics, this paper is based on the vision of
corporate culture as a pattern to achieve such purpose. If we consider ethics as a specific value of corporate culture, we
may resort to the mechanism of cultural change and implementation in order to manage ethics. Despite the difficulties it entails
in terms of time and money investment, this procedure is one of the safest ways to reach ethical values which are known, shared
and then practiced by all the members of a corporation, whatever the category. From this central standpoint, and basing ourselves
on our own proposal for the management of culture, we shall describe which specific steps must be taken in order to achieve
a set of ethical values which are both realistic and furthermore shared by all collaborators of an organization.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
109.
110.
Risk Perception in a Developing Country: The Case of Chile 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this work we characterize risk perception in Chile, based on the psychometric paradigm, exploring the difference between perceived social and personal risk. For this purpose, we conducted a survey including 54 hazards, 16 risk attributes, and 3 risk constructs. The survey, divided into four parts, was administered to 508 residents of Santiago, Chile. Using factor analysis, three main factors, which accounted for 80% of the sample's variance, were identified: factor 1, commonly called "Dread Risk" in the literature, explained 37% of variance; factor 2, "Unknown Risk," explained 28%; and factor 3, which we called "Personal Effect," explained 15% of the variance. On average, individuals perceived themselves as less exposed to risk and with more control and knowledge about them than the general population. OLS regression models were used to test the association of perceived risk with the three main factors. For social risk, factor 1 had the greatest explanatory power, while factor 2 had a negative sign. For personal risk, only factors 2 and 3 were significant, with factor 3 having the greatest explanatory power. Risk denial (defined as the difference between perceived personal and social risk) was associated with factors 1 and 2 only, with factor 2 having a negative sign. The difference between desired and actual regulation levels proved positive for all hazards, thus indicating that Chileans are dissatisfied with the current regulation level for all the hazards analyzed. The comparison of data at the aggregate and at the individual subject's level suggests that while the aggregate analysis overestimates the magnitude of the correlations it still reflects the tendency of the individual responses. 相似文献