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771.
Allison N. Ponce Beryl Ann Cowan Paul A. Toro Joseph E. Schumacher Seymour Z. Gross James H. Bray 《Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless》2017,26(2):116-127
Homelessness in the U.S. remains a pernicious social problem despite national coordinated efforts to end it. Psychologists are well positioned to address homelessness through direct service, advocacy, research, and policy work. Results of a survey of psychologist members (n?=?197) and student members (n?=?209) of the American Psychological Association highlighted activities they engaged in related to helping people who experience housing instability and showed psychologists are more compassionate toward those who experience homelessness than is the general public. Respondents suggested a number of factors that would encourage their greater involvement with homelessness issues including receiving more focused training, increased funding for services, and simply being asked by someone to help. Given the continued problem of homelessness, psychologists can play an important role in supporting those who are in this situation. Suggestions for increasing training and engagement of psychologists are discussed. 相似文献
772.
773.
John C. Besley Nagwan R. Zahry Aaron McCright Kevin C. Elliott Norbert E. Kaminski Joseph D. Martin 《Risk analysis》2019,39(3):571-585
Two between‐subject experiments explored perceived conflict of interest (COI)—operationalized as perceived procedural unfairness—in a hypothetical public–private research partnership to study the health risks of trans fats. Perceived fairness was measured as subjects’ perceptions that health researchers would be willing to listen to a range of voices and minimize bias (i.e., COI) in the context of a research project. Experiment 1 (n = 1,263) randomly assigned research subjects to a partnership that included (1) a combination of an industry partner, a university partner, and a nongovernmental organization (NGO) partner; and (2) one of three processes aimed at mitigating the potential for COI to harm the quality of the research. The procedures included an arm's‐length process meant to keep the university‐based research team from being influenced by the other partners, an independent advisory board to oversee the project, and a commitment to making all data and analyses openly available. The results suggest that having an industry partner has substantial negative effects on perceived fairness and that the benefit of employing a single COI‐mitigation process may be relatively small. Experiment 2 (n = 1,076) assessed a partnership of (1) a university and either an NGO or industry partner and (b) zero, one, two, or three of the three COI‐mitigation procedures. Results suggest there is little value in combining COI‐mitigation procedures. The study has implications for those who aim to foster confidence in scientific findings for which the underlying research may benefit from industry funding. 相似文献
774.
775.
Terence Seedsman PhD 《Journal of intergenerational relationships》2017,15(3):204-220
This article explores the global challenge of population aging with a specific focus on the concepts of integration and participation of older people in society within the context of “realizing a society for all ages” as promoted by the United Nations. It is proposed that governments worldwide need to embrace new ways of thinking about population aging that include strategic initiatives for strengthening the social contract that fosters generational interdependence. The meaning of “positive aging” is explored at both the individual and social levels, with implications for quality-of-life issues involving intergenerational relationships. The point is made that while the promotion of positive aging is commendable on both philosophical and health grounds it can be problematic for those older people who for a range of legitimate reasons are unable to fulfill the notion of positive or active aging. The longevity revolution will require the emergence of a more humane society that undertakes to reconceptualize what older age means, together with exploring new ways of enhancing the citizenship status of older people through the development and promotion of innovative intergenerational relationships. A call is made for a wider engagement of the citizenry in the processes involved in the formulation and implementation of policy making. 相似文献
776.
Lori L. Jervis PhD William Sconzert-Hall MA The Shielding American Indian Elders Project Team 《Journal of elder abuse & neglect》2017,29(1):43-58
The problem of how to conceptualize elder mistreatment goes back several decades, and is especially important for ethnic minority populations, who may have perspectives that differ from the dominant society. This community-based participatory research study, which examined perceptions of mistreatment by family among 100 urban and rural older American Indians, permits a rare glimpse into how Native elders themselves understand this issue. Here, good treatment was conceptualized in terms of being taken care of, having one’s needs met, and being respected. We found relatively high standards for how elders should be treated—such as the belief that an elder’s needs should be anticipated and met without the elder needing to ask—in the face of widespread accounts of the mistreatment of elders within the community, largely through various acts of financial exploitation and neglect. Substance abuse and culture loss were blamed formuch of the elder mistreatment occurring in contemporary Native communities. 相似文献
777.
778.
In this article, we analyze empirical Bayes (EB) methods for estimating small-area rate schedules. We develop EB methods that
treat schedules as vectors and use adaptive neighborhoods to keep estimates appropriately local. This method estimates demographic
rates for local subpopulations by borrowing strength not only from similar individuals elsewhere but also from other groups
in the same area and from regularities in schedules across locations. EB is substantially better than standard methods when
rates have strong spatial and age patterns. We illustrate this method with estimates of age-specific fertility schedules for
over 3,800 Brazilian municipalities. 相似文献
779.
H. Virginia McCoy PhD Ronald Correa Emma Fritz 《Population research and policy review》1996,15(3):249-264
Researchers have recently expanded the scope of study of transmission patterns of AIDS to incorporate spatial and geographical questions. United States diffusion patterns of this disease appear to indicate that it may emanate from urban area epicenters to areas of low and moderate prevalence. The travel patterns of injecting drug users (IDUs) and the extent to which they engage in high risk drug and sexual activities was examined as an explanation of diffusion of the HIV virus from one community to another. The study population of 49,621 was comprised of subjects recruited from approximately 60 sites nationwide from 1988–1991. While the data are limited in some ways, they partially support a diffusion explanation of HIV transmission for males and females. The analysis demonstrates that low prevalence cities were significantly more likely to have been the destinations of both men and women who engaged in high risk drug and sexual activities. In addition, HIV seropositive drug users who engaged in high risk drug and sexual behaviors in destination cities were more likely than seronegatives to travel to high or low seroprevalence areas than to moderate prevalence areas. The findings suggest a need for effective HIV prevention educational messages about the risks of traveling and participating in high risk activities. 相似文献
780.
Summary The most accurate method known to data for estimating age of wild vertebrates involves biochemical assay of eye lens proteins.
Laboratory procedures that may be unfamiliar to many ecologists are described in detail. The method is based on precise changes
in the amount of insoluble lens protein, and consists of two procedures: obtaining the appropriate lens fraction, and quantitatively
analyzing its protein composition. Lenses are homogenized, and the insoluble fraction isolated by centrifugation. Protein
content is measured colorimetrically by using the Lowry test. Instructions are given for single and double-beam spectrophotometers. 相似文献