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181.
James Joseph Dean 《The Sociological quarterly》2013,54(4):534-560
In this study, I use in‐depth interview data with black and white heterosexual men to explore shifts in the role of homophobia in the social construction of heterosexual masculinities. A continuum is introduced to map a range of interactional practices through which these men enact heterosexual masculinities. Heterosexual men who, on one end of the continuum, construct their heterosexual masculinities through homophobic practices establish strong boundaries of social distance from gays. The other end documents heterosexual men's anti‐homophobias, moving from men who establish weak boundaries to those who blur them. These heterosexual men's anti‐homophobic stances trade on the prestige of being tolerant of gays, with black men's anti‐homophobias drawing on their experiences with racism. 相似文献
182.
Elderly drivers are increasing in number and some statistics show they are more likely to be involved in fatal accidents than all other age groups but those under 25. States have attempted to address the problem in various ways, but very few have required mandatory retesting at license renewal for those beyond a particular age. Why have so few states chosen to act? The key is how the issue is framed for the public and decision makers. Several phases of problem definition are explored to explain the political dynamics of the older driver issue: incidence, causality, severity, crisis labeling, problem population characteristics, and linkage of values to the issue and solutions. Based upon this analysis, it is not surprising that elder interest groups have been successful in containing policy initiatives designed to restrict elderly driving. 相似文献
183.
Public employee union membership has grown from under 6 percent to over 20 percent of all union members since 1963. This growth
has been ascribed to lagging wages, inelastic demands for public products, political clout, changed laws, and reduced professionalism
and public spiritedness. These explanations agree that public employees now confront their employers in a newly militant and
adversarial mode. We disagree. We model this growth in membership as a continuation of old public employment relations and
forecast the soon diminution of militancy. 相似文献
184.
We derive a non-parametric test for testing the presence of V(Xi ,εi ) in the non-parametric first-order autoregressive model Xi+1 =T(Xi )+V(Xi ,εi )+U(Xi )εi+1 , where the function T(x) is assumed known. The test is constructed as a functional of a basic process for which we establish a weak invariance principle, under the null hypothesis and under stationarity and mixing assumptions. Bounds for the local and non-local powers are provided under a condition which ensures that the power tends to one as the sample size tends to infinity.The testing procedure can be applied, e.g. to bilinear models, ARCH models, EXPAR models and to some other uncommon models. Our results confirm the robustness of the test constructed in Ngatchou Wandji (1995) and in Diebolt & Ngatchou Wandji (1995). 相似文献
185.
Nonverbal expectancy violations and conversational involvement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Judee K. Burgoon Deborah A. Newton Joseph B. Walther E. James Baesler 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》1989,13(2):97-119
A central feature of nonverbal expectancy violations theory is that unexpected behaviors trigger a cognitive-affective appraisal of such behavior, leading to a valencing of the behavior(s) as positive or negative. It has been proposed that communicator reward mediates the interpretation and evaluation of such violations but may be more important when the violative act is ambiguous in meaning than when it is not. Unclear is whether nonverbal behavioral composites introduce greater or less equivocality of interpretation. Two experiments employing multi-cue conversational involvement violations addressed this issue. In the first, dyads (N=51) engaged in a 10-minute baseline interview, after which participants rated each other on several measures of reward valence. One randomly selected member then served as a confederate interviewee during a second interview and either significantly increased or decreased involvement. In the second experiment, reward was manipulated as physical attractiveness, status, and task expertise. Dyads (N = 60) engaged in prolonged problem-solving discussions during which the confederates either committed an involvement violation or not. In both experiments, the involvement changes were sufficiently unexpected, arousing, and distracting to qualify as violations of expectations. Analysis of message interpretations indicated that (1) relative to normal involvement levels, increased nonverbal involvement was interpreted as most immediate/affectionate, receptive, similar, dominant, and composed, and decreased involvement as least so, and (2) reward mediated only the interpretation of formality. High involvement violations in turn produced greater attraction, credibility, and persuasiveness than low involvement violations for high as well as low-reward communicators, as predicted.where Joe Walther and Jim Baesler are doctoral students. An earlier version of this paper was presented to the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, New Orleans, May 1988. 相似文献
186.
农村老年人精神文化需求调查 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4
目前,我国农村的老年人主要存在三大需求,即养老保障需求、医疗保障需求和精神文化需求。其中精神文化需求处于农村老年人生命需求的最高层次。在实地调查的基础上,对浙江农村老年人的精神文化需求做出较为深入细致的研究分析。从制度安排、社会支持、自身设计和现实基础等四个方面提出具体对策思考与建议。 相似文献
187.
This paper presents a conceptually distinct analysis of the data first reported by Leather et al. Specifically, it investigates the effects of exposure to a variety of forms of work-related violence upon work attitudes and general well-being within a sample of UK public house licensees—individuals who manage public houses and hold the licence permitting the sale of alcoholic drinks on the premises. In addition, it examines the role of social support in moderating such effects. Based upon a sample of 242 licensees, it reports a consistent interaction between exposure to such violence and the availability of perceived intra-organizational support in determining the size of any negative effects upon individual well-being, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. It is argued that exposure to all forms of work-related violence, including intimidation, verbal abuse and threat, should be seen as a potential stressor within the work environment, the negative effects of which are buffered by perceived support from within the organization, but not by that perceived to be available from informal sources such as family and friends. 相似文献
188.
Joseph E. Potter 《Population and development review》1999,25(4):703-739
Two of the most striking characteristics of contraceptive practice in the world today are the wide variation in patterns of use across countries and the tendency of the distribution of use by method to persist or narrow, even as new methods become available. The argument advanced in this article is that the disposition to commit to a reduced range of methods results from positive feedback in the process of contraceptive choice, and follows the logic of path dependence. The positive feedback derives, in large part, from social interaction among both the providers and the users of contraceptive methods. The persistence of outmoded contraceptive regimes is illustrated with the experience of Mexico and Brazil. In each case, it is argued that the conditions, events, and policies in the early stage of the adoption process have had a determinant bearing on the contraceptive practice prevailing in the late 1990s. 相似文献
189.
吴迪 《郑州轻工业学院学报(社会科学版)》2007,8(1):90-91
康科德镇是梭罗的出生地,正是这片土地使他与自然建立起了亲密的关系。在这里,梭罗受到爱默生及其超验主义思想的影响并把这一思想运用到人与自然关系的思考中。他在瓦尔登湖畔生活了两年多,在此期间与自然的亲密接触使他的自然意识日趋成熟。 相似文献
190.
诗化与自毁——哈姆雷特悲剧探源 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
YIN Di 《长江大学学报(社会科学版)》2008,(3)
诗化意识本身并没有直接导致哈姆雷特的悲剧,但却赋予了他独特的生存状态和世界观,进而影响了他在命运面前的选择。深入探索诗化意识在哈姆雷特悲剧中的意义,是理解整部作品的关键。 相似文献