Implementing integrated pest management in professional lawn care: a case study

Human choices regarding land cover management practices may influence ecosystem services provided by urban green spaces. We conducted a 2-year study to compare biological (weed, insect, and disease), aesthetic (lawn quality), and economic (lawn care program cost) attributes of an integrated pest management (IPM) program, in which pesticides are applied on the basis of treatment thresholds, with a standard program, in which pesticides are applied on a calendar basis without pest monitoring. Both programs were managed by a professional lawn care operator. Although weed incidence was low, the IPM program had significantly more lawns with weed presence than the standard program during 2005 and 2006. However, only 21% of the IPM lawns required herbicide applications in 2005, and none exceeded the treatment threshold (5% weed cover) in 2006 as compared to 100% of the standard program lawns being treated for weeds in both years. The IPM program also had significantly more lawns with insect damage than the standard program during June 2005 and August 2005, but not September 2005 and throughout 2006. Only 28% of the IPM lawns required insecticide applications in 2005 and none exceeded the threshold (5% insect damage) in 2006 whereas all of the lawns in the standard program received insecticide treatments in both years. Rhizoctonia blight was present on some of the lawns, but was not a common problem. Although lawn quality was high for both programs (>8, on a scale of 1–9), it was significantly higher for standard than for IPM program lawns during 2005, and June 2006 and September 2006, but not August 2006. The annual lawn management costs were lower for the IPM (281.50) than the standard program (281.50) than the standard program (458.06). Thirty one percent of the IPM program customers who continued with the study in 2006 did so because they were satisfied with the IPM program. Among those who did not continue with the program, 33% cited weed or insect problems, while 33% expected better results. The implications of these findings for implementation of IPM in professional lawn care are further discussed.     

行政补偿立法思考

行政赔偿在行政领域起到了重要作用,目前获得行政赔偿的必要条件之一是行政主体违法行使职权,从行政相对人的角度考虑,在是否违法问题上大费周章没有必要,进一步从行政赔偿法是救济法的本质出发,优先考虑行政相对人的权益,将有关行政补偿内容纳入行政赔偿法律体系框架之中。     

Recall searching with and without recall

We revisit the sequential search problem by Hey (J Econ Behav Organ 8:137–144, 1987). In a 2 \(\times \) 2 factorial design, varying fixed and random cost treatments with and without recall, we address open research questions that were originally stated by Hey (1987). Our results provide clear evidence for Hey’s (1987) conjecture that recall negatively affects performance in sequential search. With experience, however, search behavior with and without recall converges toward the optimal reservation rule. We further find that the utilization of optimal reservation rules is independent from the stochastic nature of the search cost.     

论《行政许可法》实施后我国的行政审批制度改革

<行政许可法>的颁布和实施对我国的行政审批制度改革产生了重大而积极的影响,但<行政许可法>的出台并没有解决行政审批制度改革中存在的所有问题.从行政审批和行政许可的关系入手,阐述了<行政许可法>实施后我国行政审批制度改革存在的问题以及进一步深化行政审批制度改革的对策.     

企业DNA中的文化力

与生物体类似,企业也拥有其基因,了解这种基因有利于明确企业固有的特性,进而可以了解影响企业绩效的因素和原理.将企业基因与DNA模型相类比,研究对企业影响较大的四个因素(决策权、组织架构、激励机制和信息传导),可以构建出企业基因的模型,文化力作用于各因素之间,并对企业发展起着重要作用.     

贯穿于陶诗的思想是生命思索

陶诗主题具有多义性,并可分为五大题材.然而其反映出的内在思想是对人生价值、意义和终极目的的认知和实践.因此可以说贯穿于陶诗的思想是生命思索,是人生实践中对儒、释、道思想的感悟和认识.     

邬焜和信息元哲学

在2010年8月北京举行的第四届国际信息科学基础大会上,西安交通大学的邬焜教授第一次用英文提交了将近三十年来的信息理论与哲学研究成果。其理论(信息哲学的基础理论:BTPI)聚焦于信息的自然本体论属性,以及它们对于适当理解信息的社会功能的重要性。邬教授的BTPI理论,关于需要统一诸多关键学科及其规划的新信息观,作为一种元哲学对一般信息理论(这次大会的主题)而言形成了一个主要贡献。所描述的理论能够形成一个新的跨学科范式的部分,在其中信息具有核心作用。信息元哲学的协同应用能够为解决信息领域的关键性突出问题做出贡献,并为新兴信息社会的伦理学发展提供进一步的支持。     

农民工子弟与城市中小学生人文素质发展相互影响研究

农民工子弟是我国城市化进程中产生的特殊教育群体。这一群体的存在,给部分城市中小学生人文素质的发展带来了等级观念、交往障碍、自负心理、集体意识等方面消极影响。相应地,可通过价值观的教育、人际交往能力的培养、自我认知能力的提升和良好班集体的创建来培养城市中小学生良好的人文素质。