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281.
This study analyzes whether social support serves as a link to or substitute for formal services among African American female caregivers seeking help with emotional problems. It also analyzes other determinants of help-seeking. It relies on data from the Black Rural and Urban Caregivers Mental Health and Functioning Study and is guided by a modified version of the behavioral model of health services use. Using hierarchical binary logistic regression, analyses reveal that only age, stress, and support from fellow church members are statistically significantly associated with the likelihood of help-seeking. These results support the linking hypothesis, suggesting that the social support received by African American women caregivers in the context of their religious organizations helps to link them to services. 相似文献
282.
Barnes GM Welte JW Tidwell MC Hoffman JH 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(4):575-586
Two representative U.S. telephone surveys of gambling were conducted—an adult survey of adults aged 18 years and older (n = 2,631)
and a youth survey of young people aged 14–21 years old (n = 2,274). Because the questions and methods were the same or similar
in both surveys, the data from these two surveys were combined into a single dataset to examine the prevalence and sociodemographic
correlates of gambling and problem gambling across the lifespan. The present work focused specifically on gambling on the
lottery which is the most prevalent form of gambling in the U.S. The frequency of gambling on the lottery increased sharply
from mid adolescence to age 18 which is the legal age to purchase lottery tickets in most states; lottery play continued to
increase into the thirties when it leveled off and remained high through the sixties and then decreased among those 70 years
and older. Considering multiple sociodemographic factors together in a negative binomial regression, the average number of
days of lottery gambling was significantly predicted by male gender, age, neighborhood disadvantage and whether or not lottery
was legal in the state where the respondent lived. These findings can be used to inform policies regarding lotteries in the
U.S. 相似文献
283.
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285.
Joseph Gershtenson 《Social science quarterly》2009,90(1):117-133
Objectives. In choosing candidates to support in congressional elections, voters consider both policy and nonpolicy factors. However, the relative importance of incumbency or presidential approval versus candidates' ideological platforms likely varies across elections. Specifically, stiffer electoral competition should encourage ideology‐based voting because candidate information is more plentiful. In contrast, incumbents' ability to garner votes simply by virtue of already holding office should depress proximity voting in elections with incumbents. Methods. Using data from the 1988–1992 Pooled Senate Election Study, I estimate logistic regression models of individual vote choice. Results. I find that open‐seat elections do promote the use of candidate ideological proximity in the voting calculus but that the effects of election competitiveness are less clear. Conclusions. The findings have important implications for normative democratic theory, for our constitutional framework, and for elite behavior and aggregate‐level electoral outcomes. 相似文献
286.
Moshe Anisfeld Gerald Turkewitz Susan A. Rose Faigi R. Rosenberg Faith J. Sheiber Deborah A. Couturier‐Fagan Joseph S. Ger Iris Sommer 《Infancy》2001,2(1):111-122
Newborns (N = 83) were presented with 3 conditions, each for 160 sec: tongue protrusion (TP), mouth opening (MO), and control (CO). In TP and MO, a female model alternated between demonstrating the gesture for 20 sec and presenting a passive, motionless face for 20 sec. In CO, she presented a passive face in both the “demonstration” and “passive” intervals. The participants' eyes were more widely open in the demonstration intervals of TP and MO than in the passive intervals, indicating that they were attending to the gestures. In TP, the participants produced more TP responses than MO responses, but in MO there was no effect, undermining the neonatal imitation hypothesis. 相似文献
287.
The Analysis of Verbal Behavior - English-speaking subjects were taught 16 English-French word pairs. Within any given trial, one word from each pair was presented; for eight items, subjects were... 相似文献
288.
289.
This article is part of a series of humor on social attitudes (Richmen, 1977), humor by the elderly (Richman, 1989), assessment (Richman, 1996a), and psychotherapy (Richman, 1996b). The present study is based on the topics of humor related to death anxiety and wishes, and aging that emerged during psychotherapy with elderly patients. The healing qualities of laughter and humor have been observed since Biblical times to the present, however the applications of humor to professional psychotherapy is still in its infancy. The examples in this study spell out how humor in therapy can bring people together, and help them affirm life and laugh at anxiety, depression, and their problems in living. 相似文献
290.
Many decisions involve multiple stages of choices and events, and these decisions can be represented graphically as decision
trees. Optimal decision strategies for decision trees are commonly determined by a backward induction analysis that demands
adherence to three fundamental consistency principles: dynamic, consequential, and strategic. Previous research (Busemeyer
et al. 2000, J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 129, 530) found that decision-makers tend to exhibit violations of dynamic and strategic
consistency at rates significantly higher than choice inconsistency across various levels of potential reward. The current
research extends these findings under new conditions; specifically, it explores the extent to which these principles are violated
as a function of the planning horizon length of the decision tree. Results from two experiments suggest that dynamic inconsistency
increases as tree length increases; these results are explained within a dynamic approach–avoidance framework.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献