Adolescents' and Mothers' Understanding of Children's Rights in the Home

Adolescents' and mothers' understanding of children's self‐determination and nurturance rights was examined in the context of the home. In individual interviews, 141 sixth, eighth, and tenth graders and their mothers responded to hypothetical vignettes in which a child story character wished to exercise a right that conflicted with parental practices. For each vignette, participants were asked to judge whether the story character should have the right in question and to provide a justification for their decision. Generally, eighth and tenth graders were more likely than their mothers to endorse requests for self‐determination and less likely than their mothers to support requests for nurturance. Mothers of tenth graders were more likely to support requests for self‐determination and less likely to favor adolescents' request for nurturance in the home than were mothers of sixth and eighth graders. In terms of reasoning, adolescents and mothers were more likely to consider the individuals' rights when discussing self‐determination situations, whereas nurturance situations elicited responses pertaining to participants' understanding of familial roles and relationships. Furthermore, mothers' reasoning about childrenà s rights reflected sensitivity to the developmental level of their children. The findings are discussed in terms of previous research on the development of children's understanding of rights and adolescent autonomy.     

虎鲨对温度、pH值的耐受性研究

本文报道了在LRH-250E型培养箱中对平均尾重0.2g和1.2g的虎鲨进行温度耐受性试验,并对均重1.2g的虎鲨做了pH耐受性研究。结果表明:尾重O.2g的虎鲨在驯化温度为20℃时,水温突变引起的致死高温为41℃,致死低温为14℃;尾重1.2g虎鲨在驯化温度为24℃时,水温突变引起的致死高温是42℃,致死低温为14.5℃。尾重1.2g虎鲨能够耐受的pH值其上限是11.51,下限是2.52。     

站在人类先进文化发展的潮头

该文以唯物史观为指导,阐明了马克思主义文化理论、中国现代文化的形成和中国先进文化的发展方向.作者认为文化是人类社会在经济、政治、精神上的反映,包括意识形态和其他一切精神活动及其产物,对经济、政治又具有强大的反作用.中国现代社会主义文化是由农业封建主义文化在近百年的经济、政治发展的基础上逐渐演变而成的,它的前进方向是面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的民族的、科学的、大众的社会主义文化.     

浅谈网络环境下中学政治课研究性教学模式

基于网络环境下的研究性学习是目前研究性学习与信息技术的整合 ,尤其是与互联网技术整合的崭新课题 ,是当今国际教学改革的一个“亮点” ,探讨网络环境下中学政治课研究性教学模式的新课题。     

Empirical likelihood confidence intervals for the mean of a population containing many zero values

If a population contains many zero values and the sample size is not very large, the traditional normal approximation‐based confidence intervals for the population mean may have poor coverage probabilities. This problem is substantially reduced by constructing parametric likelihood ratio intervals when an appropriate mixture model can be found. In the context of survey sampling, however, there is a general preference for making minimal assumptions about the population under study. The authors have therefore investigated the coverage properties of nonparametric empirical likelihood confidence intervals for the population mean. They show that under a variety of hypothetical populations, these intervals often outperformed parametric likelihood intervals by having more balanced coverage rates and larger lower bounds. The authors illustrate their methodology using data from the Canadian Labour Force Survey for the year 2000.     

Bayesian analysis of mixture modelling using the multivariate t distribution

A finite mixture model using the multivariate t distribution has been shown as a robust extension of normal mixtures. In this paper, we present a Bayesian approach for inference about parameters of t-mixture models. The specifications of prior distributions are weakly informative to avoid causing nonintegrable posterior distributions. We present two efficient EM-type algorithms for computing the joint posterior mode with the observed data and an incomplete future vector as the sample. Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling schemes are also developed to obtain the target posterior distribution of parameters. The advantages of Bayesian approach over the maximum likelihood method are demonstrated via a set of real data.     

科学发展观视角下的广西北部湾经济区对外开放新探

广西北部湾经济区对外开放水平仍然比较低是一个不争的事实,广西北部湾经济区要改变这一局面,真正提高广西北部湾经济区对外开放的效能,必须以科学发展观为指导,在广西北部湾经济区的开放战略和定位上进行相应的调整和安排,将经济结构和产业结构的调整有机结合起来,真正处理好对内开放与对外开放的关系、扩大开放程度与加大开发度的关系、扩大开放与维护产业安全的关系、扩大开放中的制度创新与技术创新的关系、扩大开放程度中"引进来"与"走出去"的关系,全面提高开放型经济水平.     

中国环境资源法律实施的障碍及对策

全面建设小康社会要求解决好环境资源问题,而环境资源问题解决的地实施.文章探讨了环境资源法律实施的内涵及其价值,分析了影响环境资源法律实施的因素以及深层基础原因,同时提出了要从建立环境法律体系和环境法律机制,配套环境法律实施的外部制度,加强环境法律监督,加强环境法律宣传,提高环境执法水平和司法水平,建立环境资源法律实施的评价标准等方面完善中国环境资源法律实施的制度.     

关于图书馆员的职业生涯与职业回报问题的探讨

探讨图书馆员的职业生涯与职业回报之间的关系，并提出图书馆员职业生涯中容易出现的一些问题的解决办法。