晚清海防之军事战略评析

晚清海防战略虽然经历了海岸防御和海上防御两个阶段,但是其战略核心却始终围绕本土安全展开,海军战略也一直执行守势战略.晚清海军守势战略不仅使海军军力部署分散,各军之间互不统属,而且还限制了海军在具体战役中的战术进攻.近代海军主要执行攻势战略,在战术中强调协同指挥、集中兵力、先发制人.与海军攻势战略相比,晚清海军守势战略在备战和实战中都显得相当被动和消极.海军战略的劣势及其对海军战术选择的局限是晚清海防最终失败的军事战略原因.     

转型背景下中国企业战略研究:特征、方法及主题分析——基于英文文献的探讨

尽管转型经济下的中国企业战略管理日益成为国内外学者关注的前沿领域,但在这一领域国内外研究仍然缺乏有效的联系和沟通.对于国外学者已有的研究成果,我国战略研究学者至今还缺少全面认识和深入梳理.为了弥补这一缺憾,本文通过广泛搜集1978年至2008年30年间国际优秀期刊上发表的、研究转型经济下中国企业战略问题的英文文献,评价了其文献数量变化、期刊、学者和机构的贡献以及研究主题、研究理论基础、采用的研究方法及研究风格,提炼和分析了国外学者在中国企业战略研究中的成果和观点,最后对未来本土学者如何实现将研究与国际接轨、突出自身研究特色提出了相关看法和建议.     

领导权力分享对个体创意倡导的双刃剑效应研究

 创新对当代组织的生存和发展至关重要,它一般包括创意生成和创意推行两个阶段。已有研究更集中于探讨如何促进创意的产生,对创意推行的研究却相对匮乏。创意倡导是对新颖想法的积极推广,被认为是创新推行的关键。促进个体的创意倡导是推行创新的有效举措,然而理论和实践较少关注如何促进个体的创意倡导。        基于工作要求-资源模型,探讨领导权力分享对个体创意倡导的影响,提出领导权力分享对个体创意倡导同时存在增益效应和损耗效应,在二者之间构建非线性的理论模型,进一步考察个体创新效能感在其中的调节作用。收集一家IT教育科技企业的62个团队共291名个体的问卷数据,使用HLM 7.0进行跨层次的层级回归方法检验领导权力分享对个体创意倡导的影响以及个体创新效能感的调节作用。        研究结果表明,领导权力分享与个体创新倡导之间存在倒U形关系,即当领导权力分享处于适中水平时,个体有最多的创意倡导行为。个体创新效能感在领导权力分享与个体创新倡导的关系中起调节作用,即当个体创新效能感较低时,领导权力分享与个体创意倡导之间呈倒U形关系;而当个体创新效能感较高时,领导权力分享与个体创意倡导之间呈正向的线性关系。        从领导权力分享角度探讨创意倡导的前置因素,是对创新研究的一个有益补充。基于工作要求-资源模型分析领导权力分享的双刃剑效应,拓展了对领导力影响的认识。从实践意义上,研究结果启示管理者在促进个体创意倡导时,要警惕过度领导权力分享的消极作用,并且提高个体的创新效能感。     

Supply Disruptions,Heterogeneous Beliefs,and Production Efficiencies

Recent years have witnessed the pervasive supply disruptions and their impacts on supply chain performance. In this study, we investigate the optimal procurement design with supply disruptions and heterogeneous beliefs between the buyer and the supplier. We examine the impact of information asymmetry on the supplier's belief, the control right of the backup production, and the verifiability of supply disruption. The belief heterogeneity creates speculative gains and losses because the buyer and the supplier hold different estimates of the disruption probability. We demonstrate that the buyer's incentive to exploit this belief heterogeneity leads to real production inefficiencies in different scenarios. The production efficiency is not necessarily improved with more transparent information. Moreover, a very pessimistic supplier may have no incentive to invest in improving the reliability even if this is costless, and the supplier may produce more when the expected production cost becomes higher. When the buyer sees some value in using the supplier's estimate to update his own belief, we find that the main results hold unless the buyer completely abandons his belief.     

Strategic Motive for Introducing Internet Channels in a Supply Chain

Rapid advances of information technology in recent years have enabled both the manufacturers and the retailers to operate their own Internet channels. In this study, we investigate the interaction between the capabilities of introducing the Internet channels, the pricing strategies, and the channel structure. We classify consumers into two segments: grocery shoppers attach a higher utility from purchasing through the physical channel, whereas a priori Internet shoppers prefer purchasing online. We find that when the Internet shoppers are either highly profitable or fairly unimportant, the manufacturer prefers to facilitate the channel separation either through his own Internet channel or the retailer's. In the intermediate region, however, the manufacturer encroaches the grocery shoppers and steals the demand from the retailer's physical channel. With horizontal competition between retailers, a priori symmetric retailers may adopt different channel strategies as a stable market equilibrium. The manufacturer may willingly give up his Internet channel and leverage on the retailer competition. When the manufacturer sells through an online e‐tailer, Internet shoppers may be induced to purchase through the physical channel. This reverse encroachment strategy emerges because selling through the e‐tailer leads to a more severe double marginalization problem.     

成熟期医药风险投资项目评价实证研究

作为关系国计民生的特殊产业--医药产业一直是风险投资重要领域,但是针对性相关研究却没有得到应有重视,而专注于医药风险投资重要阶段的成熟期医药风险投资的相关研究更是空白.现有风险投资文献多比较原则,少数套用有关方法、模型改头换面,缺乏实际应用价值.鉴于成熟期医药风险投资特点,本文通过问卷调查和数理统计方法从实证角度揭示成熟期医药风险投资各风险评价指标及重要性和相互关系.通过相关性分析发现成熟期医药风险投资协同效应评价中的负相关性现象.     

Increasing Returns and Social Contagion in Cultural Industries

A formal definition of cultural industries is developed following four distinct features of cultural goods: (a) oversupply, (b) quality uncertainty, (c) network effects and (d) demand reversal. Drawing on economic and socio-psychological notions of ‘network’, increasing returns and social contagion effects are distinguished. Increasing returns may govern the adoption of standards when choices are binary, social contagion explains the diffusion of cultural goods when choices are multiple. Together, the four structural features delineating cultural industries account for curious competitive dynamics prevalent in cultural markets, such as the notorious 10 : 90 proportionality (under which 10% of cultural goods account for 90% of the market), causal ambiguity about the reasons for success, and the formation of fashions. Six managerial recommendations are advanced, focusing on a criticial circulation point triggering self-sustaining diffusion patterns. Finally ‘project-based enterprises’ and ‘network forms of governance’ are identified as the organizational forms most suited to the dynamics of the cultural markets.     

多圈层——中心辐射式选题策划模式

目前选题策划在我国出版界处于起步和尝试阶段,受到出版界的高度重视.本文在对比分析若干策划模式利弊的基础上,提出一种"多圈层-中心辐射式"的选题策划模式.该模式是指建立以社长、总编为核心、以编辑室主任和发行部门负责人为骨干、以广大编辑为补充的三层策划网络系统.该模式强调全编辑职能扩展,能够调动各层面人员的积极性,形成选题策划合力,避免或减少人员之间的感情隔阂和选题策划的盲目性.     

油松花粉离体萌发及萌发特征研究

为了加强油松有性杂交,为种子园育种研究奠定基础,对油松花粉离体萌发的适宜条件及萌发特征进行了系统研究.结果表明,油松花粉在无蔗糖培养基中仍具一定萌发能力,蔗糖的添加可显著促进花粉萌发,但高浓度蔗糖可抑制花粉管的生长;油松花粉管易形成分枝,蔗糖浓度与分枝花粉频率呈正相关;硼酸的添加在培养初期可有效加速花粉萌发,但过高浓度的硼酸对花粉萌发具抑制作用;Ca2+对花粉萌发的影响较小,不同浓度Ca2+处理均可获得较高的萌发率;培养温度对花粉萌发的促进作用明显,但温度的持续升高将抑制花粉萌发.综合萌发率、花粉管生长及分枝花粉管频率,油松花粉萌发的最适液体培养基组成为:2.00％蔗糖+0.075％硼酸+0.005％ Ca2+,26℃下光照培养,72 h时萌发率可达(96.10±0.47)％.     

宿南地区构造控气作用

宿南地区是淮北地区重要的产煤地,亦是煤层气研究的重点区域,构造因素直接或间接控制着含煤地层形成乃至煤层气生产和聚集,由此出发,具体分析了宿南地区的断裂,褶皱构造的控气作用,指出在煤层埋深800-1200m的深度范围是煤层气勘探的有利地带。