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951.
We describe a Bayesian approach to evaluating children's abuse disclosures and review research demonstrating that children's disclosure of genital touch can be highly probative of sexual abuse, with the probative value depending on disclosure spontaneity and children's age. We discuss how some commentators understate the probative value of children's disclosures by: confusing the probability of abuse given disclosure with the probability of disclosure given abuse, assuming that children formally questioned about sexual abuse have a low prior probability of sexual abuse, misstating the probative value of abuse disclosure, and confusing the distinction between disclosure and nondisclosure with the distinction between true and false disclosures. We review interviewing methods that increase the probative value of disclosures, including interview instructions, narrative practice, noncontingent reinforcement, and questions about perpetrator/caregiver statements and children's reactions to the alleged abuse. 相似文献
952.
The increased generation of garbage has become a problem in large cities, with greater demand for collection services. The collector is subjected to high workload. This study describes the work in garbage collection service, highlighting the requirements of time, resulting in physical and psychosocial demands to collectors. Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) - a method focused on the study of work in real situations was used. Initially, technical visits, global observations and unstructured interviews with different subjects of a garbage collection company were conducted. The following step of the systematic observations was accompanied by interviews conducted during the execution of tasks, inquiring about the actions taken, and also interviews about the actions, but conducted after the development of the tasks, photographic records and audiovisual recordings, of workers from two garbage collection teams. Contradictions between the prescribed work and activities (actual work) were identified, as well as the variability present in this process, and strategies adopted by these workers to regulate the workload. It was concluded that the insufficiency of means and the organizational structure of management ensue a situation where the collection process is maintained at the expense of hyper-requesting these workers, both physically and psychosocially. 相似文献
953.
A company making women's clothing, located in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais was studied in its ergonomic aspects with regard to the layout. With this study it was possible to establish the best positioning of machines and jobs of employees. The analysis criteria used were: frequency of use, functional grouping, sequence of use, flow and intensity of preferred connections. An ideal arrangement in the workplace provides improved manufacturing quality and employee performance and consequently higher production yields. 相似文献
954.
This paper presents the Ergonomic Work Analysis method in a Brazilian Dentist's office. Through the study, the constraints and the strategies in avoiding them were identified. It was found that dentists hardly use the position most indicated by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Federation Dentaire Internacionale (FDI) for both the patient and the dentist, which is respectively supine and 9 o'clock, due to the limited space and layout. Five types of treatments performed by the professional have been studied. The frequency and duration of actions in these treatments were accounted for and the standard positions adopted were identified. The AET was found to be a very suitable method to grasp the dentist's activity and build a point of view of the profession, which is characterized as: stressful, perfectionist and restrictive. Time management is presented as an important strategy to control the tension arising from performing the treatments. 相似文献
955.
The noise caused by the movement of users on their chairs in the work environment may indicate structural weaknesses and risk, and still significantly reduce productivity by increasing employees stress level. By understanding the activities to be developed in a work place one may understand what should be necessary to a good development, thereafter a search for improvement of labor activity with the aim of better use of resources in the operation of product use may be done. The analysis of the incremental variation of noise in professional chairs aims to identify its origin and the time the emission of noise starts during the period of use, its development and the major causative agents. Determining the characteristics of the sound of different materials and adjustments mechanisms of the chair can determine how different materials interact with each other. The measurement of these noises in an acoustic isolated room using directional microphones, if recorded and analyzed properly makes it possible to investigate and orientate to suspect elements in order to propose solutions and identify the quality of other similar chairs. Based on the results recommendations can be established for the orientation of users, managers and people responsible for the acquisition of the products, inducing them to review the employment of materials and the choice of the processes of production. These aspects are not covered in the Brazilian ergonomics norms and standards in the use of chairs. 相似文献
956.
LAURENT C. GLIN ARTHUR P. J. MOL PETER OOSTERVEER SIMPLICE D. VODOUHÊ 《全球网;跨国事务杂志》2012,12(3):333-354
In this article, we attempt to conceptualize the historical development and the governance structure of the transnational organic cotton network from Benin. We aim to discover how the organic cotton production‐consumption network is governed locally and internationally. Existing bodies of literature on international agricultural production networks, in particular the Global Value Chains (GVC) perspective, focus on economic dimensions, but find it difficult to incorporate the sustainability dimension. We favour widening the concept of GVCs beyond economics by acknowledging and including environmental rationalities and the representatives of their interests, not as external elements, but rather as co‐governing or co‐structuring factors (or actors) of sustainable value chains. Our findings reveal that beyond the traditional producer versus buyer dualism, intermediate stakeholders, namely transnational and local environmental NGO networks, are instrumental in the construction, maintenance and transformation of the organic cotton network. It is also apparent that farmers' leaders play an important role in mediating and (re)building trust among organic farmers, though they exert insufficient vertical power in the organic cotton network to control it. 相似文献
957.
Gayane Novikova 《Transition Studies Review》2012,18(3):550-569
The post-Soviet space is fraught with multiple problems, risks and threats caused by unresolved conflicts. The vast majority
of these conflicts possess a strong ethno-political component that complicates all the conflict resolution attempts: neglect
of the role of ethnicity in interstate and intrastate conflicts can lead to overt conflict on the one hand and a deadlocked
situation in respect to all mediation on the other hand. This article focuses upon the role and impact of ethnicity factor
and the ways in which it is exploited and manipulated. The Nagorno Karabakh conflict serves as the major empirical case. 相似文献
958.
Giorgio Dominese 《Transition Studies Review》2012,18(3):487-497
The paper examines the policies, choices, structural reforms, regulatory rules, corporate and public administration matching
the world standards, openness, innovation, competitiveness, fulfillment of multilateral obligations, integration and regional
approach achievements and international relations conditionality in the “Global Governance and Geopolitics” of the main economic,
financial and policy issues, with special focus on the new regional approaches pursued by America, the European Union and
Asia and the role of the emerging and transition countries. After the US Dollar, now the Eurozone is under pressure and the
main Asian countries fear a contagion effect. While somebody proposes a slow devaluation of the Euro in order to soften the
public deficits of the group of most exposed countries and restore more competitiveness to the real economy, political leaders
are thinking to adopt indirectly the Euro two speeds operative monetary strategy, through the introduction of the majority
vote, instead of the full Members consensus, for the most important decisions at the ECB in Frankfurt. Aside these monetary
and institutional measures, the binding of the single national fiscal policy to more strict EU parameters of compatibility
with the Eurozone sustainability appear unavoidable. This paper represents the background of my lecture given on November
4 at the Beijing Forum 2011 “The Harmony of Civilizations and Prosperity for All: Tradition and Modernity, Transition and
Transformation” () at the PEK University. 相似文献
959.
This article describes the role that schools are playing in supporting career development for young people. It examines the history of career-related programming in schools, including school-to-work programs, career and technical education, the college and career readiness movement, and current school reform initiatives. This understanding of schools' history, roles, opportunities, and constraints can help practitioners and policymakers think about how to build a system that supports youth development. 相似文献
960.
Kwong K Chung H Cheal K Chou JC Chen T 《Journal of social work in disability & rehabilitation》2012,11(2):81-99
In this study the authors assessed the effects of disability beliefs, conceptualization and labeling of emotional disabilities, and perceived barriers on help-seeking behaviors among depressed Chinese Americans in a primary care setting. Forty-two Chinese Americans participated in semistructured interviews using established psychological measures and open-ended questions adapted from the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue. The authors found that care utilization appears to be complicated by somatization of emotional problems, variations in causal attribution to depression, barriers to receiving mental health care, and the burden of comorbid physical conditions. Their findings highlight the importance of addressing these issues and educating patients about body-mind dialectic common to depression. 相似文献