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991.
The aims of this investigation were (1) to measure the impact of arts-related activities on the perceived quality of life
of a representative sample of British Columbians aged 18 years or more in the spring of 2007, and (2) to compare the findings
of this study with those of a sample of 1,027 adults drawn from five B.C. communities (Comox Valley, Kamloops, Nanaimo, Port
Moody and Prince George) in the fall of 2006. Seven hundred and eight British Columbians responded to a mailed out questionnaire,
and the working data set was weighted by age and education to match the 2006 census statistics for the province, yielding
a fairly representative sample. Speaking quite generally, about 62.0% of the results for the two samples are very similar.
In particular, in both surveys we found that (a) among arts-related activities in which people participate relatively infrequently
(i.e., participation is counted in times per year rather than in hours per week), live theatre is supreme in the strength of its positive correlation with respondents’ perceived quality of life measured
in 7 different ways, and (b) compared to 4 demographic variables (age, education, household income and body mass index), household
income had the highest average, positive correlation with 7 different measures of respondents’ overall life assessments, namely,
self-assessed general health, satisfaction with life as a whole (single item), happiness, satisfaction with the quality of
life, satisfaction with life as a whole (5-item index), contentment with life (5-item index) and subjective wellbeing (4-item
index). Different results were found in the province-wide versus the five-communities survey for the following, among other
things, (a) compared to all 7 life assessment measures, for the province, satisfaction with the quality of life and happiness
had the largest number of significant correlations with arts-related activities measured in hours per week engaged, while for the five communities, the single measure of satisfaction with the quality of life had the largest number
of significant correlations, and (b) For the province, compared to all 7 life assessment measures, satisfaction with the quality
of life had the largest number of significant correlations with arts-related activities measured in times per year engaged; for the five communities, compared to all 7 life assessment measures, self-assessed general health had the largest
number of significant correlations with arts-related activities measured in times per year engaged. 相似文献
992.
Small Area Indices of Multiple Deprivation in South Africa 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael Noble Helen Barnes Gemma Wright Benjamin Roberts 《Social indicators research》2010,95(2):281-297
This paper presents the Provincial Indices of Multiple Deprivation that were constructed by the authors at ward level using
2001 Census data for each of South Africa’s nine provinces. The principles adopted in conceptualising the indices are described
and multiple deprivation is defined as a weighted combination of discrete dimensions of deprivation. The methodological approach
used is outlined and key findings are presented for one province—the Eastern Cape. The paper summarises the ways in which
the research is being developed further and the potential uses of these tools for policy and research. 相似文献
993.
This article uses dyadic latent panel analysis (DLPA) to examine environmental influences on well-being. DLPA requires longitudinal
dyadic data. It decomposes the observed variance of both members of a dyad into a trait, state, and an error component. Furthermore,
state variance is decomposed into initial and new state variance. Total observed similarity between members of a dyad is decomposed
into trait similarity, initial state similarity, new state similarity, and error similarity. Dyadic similarity in new state
variance reveals that both members of a dyad change in the same direction, which is a strong indication of environmental effects.
DLPA is used to examine environmental influences on life satisfaction and domain satisfaction based on 22 annual assessments
of married couples in the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (N’s = 607–740). The results show high similarity in new state variance for life satisfaction and objectively identical domains
(household income, housing), and less similarity for objectively less similar domains (recreation, health). This finding provides
strong evidence for environmental influences on well-being. In addition, the results show high trait similarity. The implications
of the latter finding for interpretation of behavioral genetics studies of well-being are discussed. 相似文献
994.
Despite the fact that rural education has always been one of the most important means of rural development, it has been ignored
in many developing countries, with the result that rural development has not achieved great success. The problems of education
in rural areas are not only related to the amount the country spends on education or to the system of education. The socio-economic
condition of the individuals living in these areas and the form of rural education also play an important part. The present
study deals with the socio-economic factors that influence the education level which is achieved. The assessments in the study
are based on data gathered in a survey of 386 households carried out in the Aegean Region of Turkey. The work consists of
three parts: the state of education in rural areas; the factors adversely affecting an individual’s decision to continue at
school; and the employment situation of individuals who did not continue their education. In the results section, some suggestions
have been made regarding the provision of employment opportunities to individuals who have not completed their education and
who have had no job training. 相似文献
995.
The satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) is a widely accepted and widely used tool for measuring well-being. Although its potential
as a cross-cultural index is recognized, an introduction and systematic validation of the Hebrew version is needed. Thus,
the purpose of this study is: (1) to describe the process of developing the Hebrew version of the SWLS, and (2) to examine
its construct validity as well as its internal consistency. Four hundred and eighty seven working adults completed the following
self reported Hebrew language versions of the: (1) SWLS, (2) positive affect and negative affect scales (PANAS), and (3) the
self-rated health (SRH) scale. In addition, as way of gathering additional evidence of validity, the SWLS was completed by
proxy (i.e., each participant’s life partner or significant other). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a single-factor
structure with significant correlations between the SWLS and the rest of the measures—PANAS scores, the SRH scores as well
as the SWLS scores as measured by proxy. In addition, item-analysis supports the internal consistency of the scale. The Hebrew
version of the SWLS is a valid and reliable scale and can be utilized in the Israeli context. 相似文献
996.
There has been a dramatic increase in the number of new HIV diagnoses among people aged 50 to 64 in the United States, and according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in just 7 years (by 2015) 50% of those living with AIDS will be aged 50 or older. To address this public health concern, viable HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment options for individuals over the age of 50 are necessary. This article discusses the No One Is Immune initiative that planned, implemented, and coordinated evidence- based HIV/AIDS prevention and education programs specifically tailored for middle-aged and older adults. Guided by the health belief model, an educational conference entitled "Sexuality, Medication, and HIV/AIDS in Middle and Later Adulthood" was conducted along with research activities that assessed HIV/AIDS knowledge gained using both qualitative and quantitative measures. This project can be replicated by other providers within the aging network. 相似文献
997.
Janevic MR Janz NK Kaciroti N Dodge JA Keteyian SJ Mosca L Clark NM 《Journal of women & aging》2010,22(4):255-272
Using behavioral self-regulation processes may facilitate exercise among older women with heart disease. Data from women in a heart disease-management program (n = 658, mean 73 years), was used to explore associations among exercise self-regulation components (i.e., choosing to improve exercise and observing, judging, and reacting to one's behavior) and exercise capacity. General linear models showed that choosing exercise predicted higher exercise self-regulation scores postprogram and 8 months later. In turn, these scores predicted greater improvements in exercise capacity concurrently and 8 months later. Interaction analyses revealed that the effect of self-regulation on exercise capacity was stronger among women who chose to work on exercise. 相似文献
998.
While a growing literature demonstrates the impact of socio-political factors on citizens’ quality of life, scholars have
paid comparatively little attention to the role political organizations such as labor unions play in this regard. We examine
labor organization as a determinant of cross-national variation in life satisfaction across a sample of advanced industrial
polities. Our findings strongly suggest that unions increase the life satisfaction of citizens, and that that this effect
holds for non-union members as well. Moreover, we also find that labor organization has the strongest impact on the subjective
well-being of citizens with lower incomes. We confirm these hypotheses using both individual and aggregate-level data from
fourteen nations. We show these relationships to have an independent and separable impact from other economic, political,
and cultural determinants. The implications for the study of life satisfaction and of labor unions as political actors in
general are discussed. 相似文献
999.
Anne M. Gadermann Kimberly A. Schonert-Reichl Bruno D. Zumbo 《Social indicators research》2010,96(2):229-247
This study introduces the Satisfaction with Life Scale adapted for Children (SWLS-C) and presents psychometric findings regarding
its validation. The SWLS-C was adapted from the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al. 1985), which is one of the most commonly used measures to assess satisfaction with life in adults. Three subject matter experts
adapted the SWLS by changing the wording of the item stem and response format in order to make it more understandable for
children. A stratified random sample of 1,233 students (48% girls) in grades 4–7 (mean age 11 years and 7 months) provided
data on the SWLS-C and measures of optimism, self-concept, self-efficacy, depression, emphatic concern, and perspective taking.
The SWLS-C demonstrated a unidimensional factor structure and high internal consistency. Furthermore, differential item functioning
and differential scale functioning analyses indicated that the SWLS-C measures satisfaction with life in the same way for
different groups of children (i.e., with regard to gender, first language learned at home—English vs. other language(s) than
English—and across different grades) at the item and at the scale level. Associations between scores on the SWLS-C and demographic
variables were statistically non-significant or of small effect size. In addition, the SWLS-C showed evidence of convergent
and discriminant validity in relation to the other measures. Our results indicate that the SWLS-C is a psychometrically sound
instrument that demonstrated evidence of construct validity for this age group. Limitations and future directions are discussed. 相似文献
1000.
This research examines land use change in Israel––an intriguing but understudied setting with regard to population–environment
dynamics. While Israel is fairly unique with regard to its combined high levels of economic prosperity and high population growth, this case study has relevance for developed countries and regions (like the south and southwest regions
of the USA) which must balance population growth and urban development with open space conservation for ecosystem services
and biological diversity. The population–land development relationship is investigated during the period from 1961 to 1995
at three spatial scales: national, regional (six districts), and local (40 localities). There is a positive correlation between
population growth and land development rates at the national scale, and while remaining positive, the strength of the relationship
varies greatly at regional and local scales. The variation in population–land use dynamics across scales is used to garner
insight as to the importance of geography, policy and historical settlement patterns. 相似文献