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81.
82.
This study compared the economic understanding and attitudes of children living in the city with those living in a kibbutz, collective villages where an extreme socialist lifestyle is practised and preached. The differences in the answer patterns of the urban and kibbutz children were not very large, but the pattern was clear, and in keeping with the dominant ideology in both places: socialist in the kibbutz, middle-class capitalist in the city. 相似文献
83.
Drew Nesdale Kevin Durkin Anne Maass Jeff Kiesner Judith A. Griffiths 《Social Development》2008,17(4):889-907
A minimal group study examined the effect of peer group norms on children's direct and indirect bullying intentions. Prior to an inter‐group drawing competition, children (N = 85) aged seven and nine years were assigned to a group that had a norm of out‐group dislike or out‐group liking. Results indicated that, regardless of group norms, the children's attitudes were more positive towards the in‐group vs. the out‐group. Children's bullying intentions were greater when the in‐group had a norm of out‐group dislike vs. out‐group liking, the children were younger rather than older, and the bullying was indirect vs. direct. A three‐way interaction showed that the in‐group norms had a larger effect on the younger children's direct rather than indirect bullying intentions, but a larger effect on the older children's indirect rather than direct bullying intentions. Implications for understanding school bullying intentions and behaviour are discussed. 相似文献
84.
Shortage of girls in China today 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
China has the most severe shortage of girls compared to boys of any country in the world today, as documented by China's surveys
and censuses up to 2000. This article evaluates data on sex ratios in China since before the founding of the People's Republic,
and shows that the relative dearth of girls has become more extreme during the last two decades, and that the problem is real
and not merely due to undercounting of girls. Daughters are lost primarily through sex-selective abortion, secondly through
excess female infant mortality, and thirdly through neglect or mistreatment of girls up to age three, in cities as well as
rural areas. Until recently, the dearth of girls was confined to second or higher-order births, but now couples in some provinces
are using sex-selective abortions for first births. Maps show the geographical concentration of life-threatening discrimination
against girls and its spread over time. Son preference, low fertility and technology combine to cause the loss of daughters
in China today and compulsory family planning and the one-child policy exacerbate the problem. The discussion includes what
the People's Republic of China has done to ameliorate life-threatening discrimination against girls and what further steps
might be taken to improve the situation. 相似文献
85.
Judith N. DeSena 《Sociological inquiry》1994,64(3):307-321
This article links the statistical data on residential segregation with the informal practices of individuals. Local gatekeeping practices contribute to the perpetuation of segregation and further explain the patterns of macro-level analyses. This research focuses on the community of Greenpoint, a predominantly white, working-class neighborhood in Brooklyn. The study describes the strategies used by residents of Greenpoint to accomplish residential segregation and to maintain a predominantly white non-Hispanic neighborhood. The process of informal housing networking is supported by the arrangements of local institutions. 相似文献
86.
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89.
John Bongaarts Judith A. Diers Paul C. Hewett Geoffrey McNicoll 《Population and development review》2003,29(2):328-334
Books reviewed in this article: Paul Demeny and Geoffrey Mcnicoll (eds.), Encyclopedia of Population Barbara Ehrenreich and Arlie Russell Hochschild (eds.), Global Woman: Nannies, Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Agriculture: Towards 2015/2030: An FAO Perspective and Summary Report Jeanne X. Kasperson and Roger E. Kasperson, Global Environmental Risk Richard Lynn, Eugenics: A Reassessment Douglas W. Maynard, Hanneke Houtkoop‐Steenstra, Nora Gate Schaeffer, and Johannes van der Zouwen (eds.), Standardization and Tacit Knowledge: Interaction and Practice in the Survey Anthony M. Messina (ed.), West European Immigration and Immigrant Policy in the New Century 相似文献
90.
People with HIV infection are subjected to prejudice, discrimination and hostility related to the stigmatization of AIDS. To manage the stigma of their disease, they mount complex coping strategies. This paper reports results from a qualitative study that examined gay/bisexual men's experiences of living with HIV infection. Unstructured interviews from a diverse sample of 139 men were analyzed to examine how men coped with AIDS-related stigma. We discerned a variety of stigma management strategies that could be arranged along a continuum from reactive to proactive based on the extent to which they implicitly accepted or challenged the social norms and values that underlie the stigmatization of HIV/AIDS. Reactive strategies to cope with stigma involve defensive attempts to avoid or mitigate the impact of stigma, but imply acceptance of the underlying social norms and values that construct the stigma. Examples of reactive strategies include hiding one's HIV status, presenting one's illness as a less stigmatizing one (e.g., cancer), or distancing one's self from more damaging aspects of AIDS-stigma (e.g., attributing infection to blood transfusion). Proactive strategies challenge the validity of the stigma and imply disavowal and resistance of the social norms and values that underlie the stigma. Examples of proactive strategies include engaging in public educational efforts that address misperceptions about HIV transmission and social activism to change the social and political conditions that affect PWA/HIV. 相似文献