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151.
This paper presents a new criterion for selecting a two-level fractional factorial design. The theoretical underpinning for the criterion is the Shannon entropy. The criterion, which is referred to as the entropy-based minimum aberration criterion, has several advantages. The advantage of the entropy-based criterion over the classical minimum aberration criterion is that it utilizes a measure of uncertainty on the skewness of the distribution of word length patterns in the selection of the “best” design in a family of two-level fractional factorial plans. The criterion evades the trauma associated with the lack of prior knowledge on the important effects. 相似文献
152.
Bernadette Strobel Julian Seuring 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2016,68(2):309-339
Immigrant youth’s disadvantages in second language proficiency are often linked to first language use within the family. Extending the scope of previous studies this paper additionally examines language use across three generations in further contexts of everyday live and examines how these patterns relate to second language competencies. Proficiency in the second language is seen as the result of varying exposure structures and learning motivation. Using data of the German National Educational Panel Study the analyses reveal that the first language is more often used with parents than with siblings. Adolescents predominantly use German to communicate with peers, but use media in both languages. Among pupils from Turkey first language use is more pronounced across all contexts than among pupils from Poland or the former Soviet Union. If German is the only language of communication with parents, this usually applies to other contexts as well. Adolescents who talk in a foreign language to their parents differ significantly with respect to their language use in further contexts. Using German with peers reduces linguistic deficits which are related to a non-German family language. 相似文献
153.
Perception of Environmental Hazards in Hong Kong Chinese 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A public sample of Hong Kong Chinese (N = 167) rated the levels of threat of 25 environmental hazards and gave quantitative judgments to six risk characteristics for each hazard. It was found that women, older participants, and less educated individuals found the hazards to be more threatening to the environment than did men, younger participants, and more educated individuals, respectively. A new spatial model emerged from a principal component analysis carried out on responses to six risk characteristics. Instead of replicating the well-documented factors of unknown risk versus dread risk, we found a structure defined by a known and dread risk factor and a controllable risk factor. Findings were discussed in light of potential influences of the Confucian heritage on the perception of risks among Hong Kong Chinese. 相似文献
154.
This article examines the meanings of race and difference in the first years of American colonialism in the Philippines, Guam, and Samoa. Moving beyond existing sociological studies of race and colonial discourse, I demonstrate that the meanings of racial difference in the U.S. Pacific empire were contemporaneously polyvalent, constituting an overarching field of multiple rather than uniform classifications. The different meanings formed the basis for intra-imperial debate among colonizing agents. They also contributed to notable variations in forms of colonial governance and policy across the empire. The implication for future study is that race should best be apprehended as a code that takes on specific meanings and obtains its social force only in particular contexts of use and utterance. 相似文献
155.
Paul?D.?CurtisEmail author Gary?J.?San?Julian George?F.?Mattfeld 《Urban Ecosystems》2005,8(2):237-243
Wildlife abundance has grown for several species that are adapted to human-dominated landscapes. Overabundant wildlife may
cause nuisance concerns and property damage, or spread zoonotic diseases such as West Nile virus, particularly at the suburban-rural
interface of many communities. Consequently, wildlife damage management has become an important component of the wildlife
profession. The complicated biological and human dimensions of human-wildlife conflicts often require partnerships between
state and federal agencies, universities, local governments, communities, and private wildlife control professionals. The
Northeast Wildlife Damage Management Research and Outreach Cooperative (WDM Coop) was formed to enhance coordination and collaboration
among wildlife agencies, universities, and other cooperators to promote consistent, multi-state approaches for resolving wildlife-related
concerns. During 2001–2004, 12 projects have been funded to examine issues associated with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), black bear (Ursus americanus), Canada geese (Branta canadensis), and beaver (Castor canadensis). These projects have focused on a diverse array topics from community-based efforts to control deer populations, to aversive
conditioning techniques for black bears. The Northeast Fish and Wildlife Agency Directors decided to exclude projects focusing
on zoonotic diseases and human health issues from the list of WDM Coop activities. There have been focused efforts concerning
human dimensions inquiry and outreach publications for wildlife management professionals. As state fish and wildlife agency
budgets grow tighter and staff numbers are reduced, we believe more regional centers or wildlife management cooperatives will
be formed to meet the increasing demand for services from multiple states with shared issues and concerns. 相似文献
156.
Increasingly national statistical agencies are being called upon to provide high quality data on a regular basis, to be used
by governments for evidence-based policy development. Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) give impetus to this, and
bring a prerequisite for comprehensive “poverty diagnosis”. Often the data that are required are not available, or are incomplete
while the concepts that are to be used may be ambiguous or require adaptation to local conditions. The poverty analysis of
Lesotho in this article represents a contribution towards the emerging culture of evidence-based policy-making in developing
countries in that it explores changes in key poverty-related social indicators. Techniques for dealing with poor data are
discussed and an approach to developing a poverty threshold adapted to the local conditions of Lesotho is described. 相似文献
157.
R. Julian Hafner 《Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy》1992,13(2):99-104
The role of family therapy in anxiety disorders is controversial. Empirical data exist only in relation to agoraphobia and obsessive compulsive disorders. Experienced clinicians, generally working with complex cases, regard marital and family conflict as central to many cases, which require a family approach for optimal therapy. In contrast, research workers generally regard marital and family factors as irrelevant to treatment. This is because complex cases are usually excluded from empirical research. This leaves mainly uncomplicated cases without significant family conflicts, for which a family approach is rarely necessary. Techniques for treating anxiety disorders in a marital/family setting are outlined. 相似文献
158.
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