法律视野下的苔丝杀人案研究

评论家们在研究《德伯家的苔丝》中的苔丝杀人案时,大都认为苔丝杀人伏法是为其疯狂行为所付出的代价.从法律视角对该案进行研究,苔丝虽有杀人事实,但在预谋、精神状态、法律执行等方面均存有辩护理由,这些理由可保全苔丝性命.但苔丝仍是被执行绞刑,其中过程可以反映出当时法律的不公平、不公正、不平等,也揭示出哈代的创作意图.     

一种运用价层电子对互斥理论分析分子空间构型的方法

结合价层电子对互斥理论和价键理论,提出了一种适用于所有共价分子的中心原子价层电子对的计算方法,并运用它来判断分子的几何构型和内部成键情况.     

服刑人员未成年子女的心理特点与教育对策

父母服刑往往会给孩子造成巨大的心理冲击,服刑人员未成年子女的心理健康和教育问题受到了社会各界越来越多的关注和重视。服刑人员未成年子女的常见心理问题包括自我评价偏低、情绪情感消极、人际交往不良、问题行为倾向等。社会、家庭和个体自身三方面的因素相互作用,共同影响着服刑人员未成年子女的心理健康发展。通过积极有效地开展学校教育和家庭教育,将在很大程度上促进服刊人员未成年子女的健康成长和积极发展。     

一种不确定语言多属性群决策属性定权方法

针对不确定语言多属性群决策问题中决策者们分别对属性赋权且赋权结果不一致的情况,提出了一种确定属性权重的方法.该方法结合决策者的权重和决策信息的权重来确定属性权重.一个算例验证了该方法的有效性.     

Why do groups cooperate more than individuals to reduce risks?

Previous research has discovered a curious phenomenon: groups cooperate less than individuals in a deterministic prisoner’s dilemma game, but cooperate more than individuals when uncertainty is introduced into the game. We conducted two studies to examine three possible processes that might drive groups to be more cooperative than individuals in reducing risks: group risk concern, group cooperation expectation, and pressure to conform to social norms. We found that ex post guilt aversion and ex-post blame avoidance cause group members to be more risk concerned than individuals under uncertainty. These concerns drive groups to choose the cooperation (and risk-reduction) strategy more frequently than individuals. Groups also have higher cooperation expectations for their corresponding groups than individuals have for their corresponding individuals. We found no evidence of pressure to conform to social norms driving groups to be more cooperative than individuals.     

Job-Seeking Behavior in Young Adults: Do Unemployment Insurance Benefits Hurt Job Search Efforts?

ABSTRACT. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between extended unemployment insurance (UI) benefits and young adults’ job-seeking behavior. In particular, the study evaluated if the extension of UI benefits to 99 weeks in 2008 had direct effects on job search efforts. Three waves (2007–2009) of data (N = 915) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were analyzed using multiple regression models to assess the association of UI benefits to young adults’ job search efforts. Additionally, the homogeneity of slope coefficients of the UI benefit on job search effort was evaluated across 3 years using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results of regression analyses suggest that UI benefits were negatively associated with job search efforts for 2007 and the pooled sample of 2007 to 2009, but the relationship was not significant for 2008 and 2009. The results of the ANCOVA suggest that the UI benefit extension of 2008 did not have any negative association with job search efforts. Future studies should explore the subjective experiences and decisions young adults make in consideration of unemployment, UI benefits, and job search efforts.     

Preferences and Expectations for Delivering Bad News Among Korean Older Adults

ABSTRACT

 The purpose of this study was to explore Korean older adults’ perspectives toward physicians’ disclosure of serious illness to patients. Seventy Korean older adults residing in the community were interviewed in person using a semistructured interview guide. Major themes included conflicting desires among participants to: 1) inform the patient directly, 2) inform the patient indirectly, and 3) inform only the family. Subthemes under the first theme included: a) decision making about treatment, b) planning and preparation for the future, c) need for use of an ethical standard, d) consideration of patient coping responses, and e) disclosure of serious illness as a relational process. Disclosure of bad news is more than revealing or concealing information. Needs and preferences regarding to what extent and how information is delivered differ by culture. Thus, understanding preferred communication pathways for advanced care planning in specific cultural frameworks is important. Future studies using clear concepts and measures about serious illness disclosure can better prepare health care professionals in interacting with those from minority cultures. In addition, studies of those with poor health status from diverse cultural groups may further assist social workers to tailor interventions to accommodate cultural needs and expectations in end-of-life settings.     

Home and Community-based Services and Life Satisfaction among Homebound and Poor Older Adults

ABSTRACT

Little evidence exists regarding the role of Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) utilization on life satisfaction among older people who are both homebound and low-income. Guided by the personal-environment (P-E) fit perspective, this study aims to: (1) describe characteristics of older people with homebound and low-income status; (2) investigate how the combination of homebound and low-income status is associated with life satisfaction; and (3) examine whether HCBS utilization moderates the association between homebound and low-income status and life satisfaction. Data were drawn from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study, and the sample included respondents who were 51+ years who completed a questionnaire for HCBS utilization (n= 1,662). Results describe sociodemographic, health-related, and environmental characteristics of older adults. Combined homebound and low-income status was a significant predictor of lower life satisfaction (β = ?0.15, p< .05), but better life satisfaction when they used HCBS (β = 0.33, p <.10). These findings suggest that promoting HCBS utilization is a promising strategy to enhance well-being among those homebound and poor. Further studies are needed to test the effectiveness of HCBS with longitudinal data and to investigate the details of effective HCBS utilization such as frequency of use and types of services.     

论撒切尔政府养老金制度改革的动因

在英国养老金制度发展史上,1986年的撒切尔政府养老金制度改革是一次具有重要意义的改革.促成这次改革是多种因素的综合:人口老龄化使养老金支出不断增长;社会保障制度发展与经济发展水平之间的不协调;养老金制度本身的缺陷;哈耶克的思想和货币主义理论对撒切尔的巨大影响;政界的右转.     

建设高校特色档案对丰富校园文化的作用——以安徽中医学院为例

高校特色档案是学校档案资源的重要组成部分。文章探讨了如何根据中医院校档案资源特点和档案建设原则建立特色档案,提出特色档案在教书育人环境建设、丰富校园学术活动和传承科学思想等领域具有显著作用,并就中医院校特色档案功能的延伸提出思考。