An exploratory data analysis in scale-space for interval-valued data

We propose an exploratory data analysis approach when data are observed as intervals in a nonparametric regression setting. The interval-valued data contain richer information than single-valued data in the sense that they provide both center and range information of the underlying structure. Conventionally, these two attributes have been studied separately as traditional tools can be readily used for single-valued data analysis. We propose a unified data analysis tool that attempts to capture the relationship between response and covariate by simultaneously accounting for variability present in the data. It utilizes a kernel smoothing approach, which is conducted in scale-space so that it considers a wide range of smoothing parameters rather than selecting an optimal value. It also visually summarizes the significance of trends in the data as a color map across multiple locations and scales. We demonstrate its effectiveness as an exploratory data analysis tool for interval-valued data using simulated and real examples.     

Functional Partial Linear Single‐index Model

This paper deals with the problem of predicting the real‐valued response variable using explanatory variables containing both multivariate random variable and random curve. The proposed functional partial linear single‐index model treats the multivariate random variable as linear part and the random curve as functional single‐index part, respectively. To estimate the non‐parametric link function, the functional single‐index and the parameters in the linear part, a two‐stage estimation procedure is proposed. Compared with existing semi‐parametric methods, the proposed approach requires no initial estimation and iteration. Asymptotical properties are established for both the parameters in the linear part and the functional single‐index. The convergence rate for the non‐parametric link function is also given. In addition, asymptotical normality of the error variance is obtained that facilitates the construction of confidence region and hypothesis testing for the unknown parameter. Numerical experiments including simulation studies and a real‐data analysis are conducted to evaluate the empirical performance of the proposed method.     

坚韧性人格研究进展

1979年美国心理学家Kobasa提出坚韧性人格概念,指人格中保护个体健康免受压力影响的方面。坚韧性人格的相关研究在国外非常活跃,但在国内却鲜见。对国外的相关研究进行分析 ,介绍了坚韧性人格的含义及研究进展,指出了坚韧性研究中存在的不足并对未来研究提出了自己的看法。     

国家投资科研项目成果的知识产权归属探讨

通过对国家投资产生的科研成果现状的分析以及与国外的相关政策的对比,讨论在不同的情况下,有可能发生的知识产权归属争议;其次,讨论在职务发明、非职务发明、有合同约定、没有约定等情况下怎样理顺权属关系。并对今后知识产权在归属方面的发展趋势作了较为深入的探讨。国家的法律或者政策应该在有效地处理和化解来自各方的权属 纠纷和矛盾,充分调动国家、集体和个人的积极性,鼓励在知识经济条件下努力创造出更多、更有价值的知识产权方面,发挥更大的作用。     

行为目标偏离、规模扩大与利润率降低——对国有企业规模不经济的一种解释

我国国有企业经历过一个亏损的阶段,国有企业的规模与经济利润并不对称.国有企业的行为目标的偏离,使得国有企业的规模不断扩大,并最终出现规模不经济.必须实行"政企分开",培育有效的竞争机制,打破某些企业的垄断局面,让国有大中型企业逐步分解成依赖市场交易的多个主体,缩小企业规模.     

不对称信息下的企业人力资本激励机制的设计

文章以不对称信息市场中的委托--代理理论为指导,基于对企业人力资本特点的揭示,分析了人力资本市场由于不对称信息所带来的不利选择问题和道德风险问题.并就如何规避隐藏行动的道德风险问题,给出了解决办法--即建立有效的激励机制.     

房地产案件执行实务问题

人民法院的执行,是人民法院按照法定程序、运用国家强制力,强制义务人履行已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定、调解书以及其他法律文书所确定的义务的司法活动.其任务和目的是依法强制义务人履行生效法律文书所确定的义务,保障权利人的权利得以实现.在房地产案件执行实务过程中,由于房地产自身在财产价值、使用功能、取得程序等方面存在其特殊性,所以执行时应根据其不同的特点,采取相应的执行措施和方法,以达到最大保护相关权利人合法权益的目的.     

Development and evaluation of the physical activity questionnaire for elderly Japanese: the Nakanojo study

The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Elderly Japanese (PAQ-EJ) is a self-administered physical activity questionnaire for elderly Japanese; the authors report here on its repeatability and direct and indirect validity. Reliability was assessed by repeat administration after 1 month. Direct validation was based on accelerometer data collected every 4 s for 1 month in 147 individuals age 65-85 years. Indirect validation against a 10-item Barthel index (activities of daily living [ADL]) was completed in 3,084 individuals age 65-99 years. The test-retest coefficient was high (r = .64-.71). Total and subtotal scores for lower (transportation, housework, and labor) and higher intensity activities (exercise/sports) were significantly correlated with step counts and durations of physical activity <3 and >or=3 METs (r = .41, .28, .53), respectively. Controlling for age and ADL, scores for transportation, exercise/sports, and labor were greater in men, but women performed more housework. Sex- and ADL- or age-adjusted PAQ-EJ scores were significantly lower in older and dependent people. PAQ-EJ repeatability and validity seem comparable to those of instruments used in Western epidemiological studies.     

Bayesian t-tests for correlations and partial correlations

In this paper, we develop Bayes factor based testing procedures for the presence of a correlation or a partial correlation. The proposed Bayesian tests are obtained by restricting the class of the alternative hypotheses to maximize the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the Bayes factor is larger than a specified threshold. It turns out that they depend simply on the frequentist t-statistics with the associated critical values and can thus be easily calculated by using a spreadsheet in Excel and in fact by just adding one more step after one has performed the frequentist correlation tests. In addition, they are able to yield an identical decision with the frequentist paradigm, provided that the evidence threshold of the Bayesian tests is determined by the significance level of the frequentist paradigm. We illustrate the performance of the proposed procedures through simulated and real-data examples.     

大学生性知识调查及其分析

问卷调查结果表明,大学生的性健康教育状况不容乐观。受调查者均为大学二年级学生,平均得分仅38.33±20.36,性知识普遍欠缺。医学类学生性知识及格率为32.84%,艺术类学生性知识贫乏者占59.05%;男生性知识贫乏者为32.78%,女生达41.96%。大学生的性知识,与所学专业有关,但并非来自大学阶段的性教育。加强大学生性知识教育刻不容缓。