WHOSE GAY COMMUNITY? SOCIAL CLASS,SEXUAL SELF‐EXPRESSION,AND GAY COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT

The visible and political gay community has been characterized as an increasingly middle-class, white institution. It is hypothesized that this middle-class nature requires economic and psychosocial resources that are not available to the working class and, thus, may limit the expression of sexual orientation for the working class. An analysis of data from the multicity Urban Men's Health Study supports this hypothesis. Nine of 14 hypothesized effects are statistically significant and indicate that working-class men who are homosexually active are less likely to describe themselves as gay, are more likely to have heterosexual experience, and are less likely to be involved in the gay community. Thus, it is important to incorporate class differences when addressing the social and the political dynamics of sexual orientation.     

川芎嗪的药理作用研究进展

川芎为传统的活血化淤药,川芎嗪是从川芎中提取的有效单体之一.现代药理学研究表明,川芎嗪具有保护心脑血管,防止肝、肺纤维化,预防肺动脉高压等作用.对川芎嗪药理作用的研究进展进行综述,为更好地开发利用川芎嗪提供参考.     

试论新时期以来中国文艺学的大发展

新时期以来,中国文艺学获得了长足的多元的发展,这种大发展主要表现在文学观念冲破旧有束缚、张扬人文精神,在自律与他律的辩证统一中探索和把握文学的审美意识形态本质,并在此基础上促使文学理论走向多元和成熟;文学研究方法也在借鉴中外文论和其它学科研究方法的基础上取得突破和创新,有力推动了文艺学研究方法的多元化,反过来又促进了新时期文学观念的拓展和更新。     

积极创造条件稳步推进学分制改革

以学分制为核心的教学管理方法上的转变,是适应高等教育变革的必然选择。然而,由于高等院校连续几年超常规扩张使学分制的实行增加新的困难。为此,要从高校的规模与结构、教学资源以及管理等方面积极创造条件,稳步实施学分制的改革。     

Population Policy in Early Victorian England

This paper argues that the generally-held belief that there was no population policy in Great Britain during its fertility transition is incorrect. There were, in fact, clear and implicit and explicit policies in place by the early 19th Century which aimed at reducing population growth. These were negative, involving elimination of family allowances (the famous Poor Laws), and also positive, through subsidised emigration and ``transportation' of felons to the colonies. Moreover, a changed ``ideation' on the part of the nation's political, intellectual and spiritual leaders, changed norms about marriage and child-bearing, raising sharply the perceived economic and psychic cost of children. Lacking acceptable means to control pregnancies, many working class women resorted to abortion, infanticide and child abandonment to reduce their family size. The policy's actual impact on overall fertility is uncertain but it did constitute a deliberate attempt by society to affect demographic behaviour and outcomes.     

Stress at work and psychological and immunological parameters in a group of Norwegian female bank employees

This study concerned the immunological correlates of stress and work. Self reported stress, emotional state, ego-strength, and defensiveness were examined in relation to measures of cellular immunity (T-cell response to Con A and number of T4 and T8 cells) and humoral immunity (concentrations of immunoglobulins and complement components in plasma) in a group of 96 Norwegian female bank employees. The analyses showed that workload, the stress factor with the highest group mean, was associated with number of T-cells, while strain due to body posture during work was related to concentrations of IgM and C3. Further, depression was significantly correlated with IgM concentration and T-cell number, and anxiety with C3 concentration. T-cell activity was the immunological parameter most consistently associated with psychological well-being, showing positive correlations with defensiveness and ego-strength and negative correlations with anxiety and depression. In conclusion, T-cell number and concentrations of IgM and C3 were sensitive to both work-related stress experience and emotional distress. Coping abilities, indicated by the MMPI Ego-strength scale and emotional distress, were reflected in T-cell activity; insufficient coping was associated with low T-cell activity.     

水库地区路基的防护研究

当水库蓄水及运行过程中产生的库岸再造危及库区公路安全时，应对库岸或路基进行防护加固，在研究三峡、水口等水库塌岸历史、现状及预测的基础上，分析了岩质、土质和岩土混合岸坡的破坏方式、库岸再造类型，认为路基或库岸防护设计应遵循滑坡与塌岸综合治理、库岸防治与开发利用相结合、分时期分段落分水位区防护等原则，详细阐述了在不同库岸地质结构及库岸再造类型中采用的防护措施，研究了砌石坡式防护、防护林带、格构锚固、挡土墙、抗滑桩、喷锚等工程防护结构类型。