关于我国农村贫困与反贫困的研究

贫困是世界各国普遍存在的社会问题。我国农村因旧中国经济落后以及我国农业资源缺乏和农民知识贫乏等原因 ,而形成严重的贫困问题。建国后特别是改革开放以来 ,党和政府领导全国人民积极进行反贫困工作 ,并取得巨大成就 ,全国范围内基本上解决了温饱问题。但当前我国农村仍然存在着贫困 ,并且反贫困工作面临着严峻挑战。必须继续坚持正确的开发式扶贫方针 ,建立政府、社会和市场相结合的反贫困机制 ,采用扶持贫困地区发展与扶持贫困人口相结合的策略 ,通过增加反贫困资金投入、改进金融服务、加强基础设施建设、完善农业生产和农民生活条件、加快发展贫困地区教育、加大农村人力资本开发力度、营造发展经济良好环境等措施 ,促进贫困地区经济社会发展 ,扶持贫困人口尽快脱贫致富。     

The <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-maxian problem on block graphs

This paper deals with the p-maxian problem on block graphs with unit edge length. It is shown that the two points with maximum distance provide an optimal solution for the 2-maxian problem of block graphs except for K ₃. It can easily be extended to the p-maxian problem of block graphs. So we solve the p-maxian problem on block graphs in linear time.     

高校教育管理的“社会化”路径及对策

我国高等教育管理存在着许多问题,主要涉及到学校的教育、管理和行政定位等问题以及学生个性化发展、全面身心成长、研究工作、就业等问题.“社会化”是高等教育管理符合时代发展步伐、满足社会发展需求,从根本上解决以上问题的路径选择,高校教育管理必须通过多方位改革,走向社会化.     

基于灰色系统理论的民族地区基层人才发展策略研究

城乡差距的日益扩大,已极大地影响到民族地区的经济发展和社会稳定。解决这一问题的核心在于农民增收,而农民增收的关键又在于基层人才资源的开发。本文在对凉山州实地调研的基础上,利用灰色系统理论分析了当前民族地区基层人才的现状,提出了相应的解决问题的措施。     

基于CAE分析的汽车通风盖板注塑模具设计

针对汽车通风盖板塑件瘦长形、体积大、形状不规则而易产生注射成型缺陷的问题,笔者采用Moldflow分析了注塑成型工艺 ,设计了热流道大型复杂注塑模具。通过采用顺序阀技术5点进胶,实现熔体平衡填充,有效抑制了塑件的翘曲变形,成功消除了熔料填充不足、熔接痕和变形 过大等成型缺陷。经试模,所制塑件满足量产要求。     

Modifications of the Empirical Likelihood Interval Estimation with Improved Coverage Probabilities

The empirical likelihood (EL) technique has been well addressed in both the theoretical and applied literature in the context of powerful nonparametric statistical methods for testing and interval estimations. A nonparametric version of Wilks theorem (Wilks, 1938 Wilks , S. S. ( 1938 ). The large-sample distribution of the likelihood ratio for testing composite hypotheses . Annals of Mathematical Statistics 9 : 60 – 62 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) can usually provide an asymptotic evaluation of the Type I error of EL ratio-type tests. In this article, we examine the performance of this asymptotic result when the EL is based on finite samples that are from various distributions. In the context of the Type I error control, we show that the classical EL procedure and the Student's t-test have asymptotically a similar structure. Thus, we conclude that modifications of t-type tests can be adopted to improve the EL ratio test. We propose the application of the Chen (1995 Chen , L. ( 1995 ). Testing the mean of skewed distributions . Journal of the American Statistical Association 90 : 767 – 772 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) t-test modification to the EL ratio test. We display that the Chen approach leads to a location change of observed data whereas the classical Bartlett method is known to be a scale correction of the data distribution. Finally, we modify the EL ratio test via both the Chen and Bartlett corrections. We support our argument with theoretical proofs as well as a Monte Carlo study. A real data example studies the proposed approach in practice.     

Multivariate Control Charts Based on Hybrid Novelty Scores

We propose a new nonparametric multivariate control chart that integrates a novelty score. The proposed control chart uses as its monitoring statistic a hybrid novelty score, calculated based on the distance to local observations as well as on the distance to the convex hull constructed by its neighbors. The control limits of the proposed control chart were established based on a bootstrap method. A rigorous simulation study was conducted to examine the properties of the proposed control chart under various scenarios and compare it with existing multivariate control charts in terms of average run length (ARL) performance. The simulation results showed that the proposed control chart outperformed both the parametric and nonparametric Hotelling's T ² control charts, especially in nonnormal situations. Moreover, experimental results with real semiconductor data demonstrated the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed control chart. To increase the capability to detect small mean shift, we propose an exponentially weighted hybrid novelty score control chart. Simulation results indicated that exponentially weighted hybrid score charts outperformed the hybrid novelty score based control charts.     

On the estimation of the true probability of a correct selection

For ranking and selection problems, the true probabiIity of a correct selection P(CS) is unknown even if a selection is made under the indifference-zone approach. Thus to estimate the true P(CS) some Bayes estimators and a bootstrap estimator are proposed for two normcal populations with common known variance. Also a bootstrap estimator and a bootstrap confidence interval are proposed for normal populations with common unknown variance. Some comparisons between proposed estimators and some other known estimators are made via Monte Carlo simulations.     

基于大数据合作资产的适应性创新--数字经济的创新逻辑(二)

万物互联时代,数据被认为是与土地、劳动、资本、知识、技术和管理并重的第七大生产要素。当前,多样化的商业实践创新对数据价值的深度挖掘正在突破经济学在传统意义上对数据及其价值的限定,然而,理论上对此还缺乏相应的概念凝练和探讨。本文从企业与消费者价值共创角度提出大数据合作资产的概念,并探讨基于大数据合作资产和适应性创新的数字经济创新逻辑。研究表明:大数据合作资产是一种互动性资源,是企业与消费者在数字化服务交互中成为能够被另一方所拥有和利用并能创造当前或未来经济收益的数字化资产;单纯拥有异质资源不一定会形成合作资产,只有当异质化资源被有效整合、且被使用于企业与消费者服务交换中,才能体现为行动者创造收益的价值潜力;协同演化促进了企业与消费者对彼此的适应性调整,基于大数据合作资产激发以即时调整、即时反馈和难以预测为特征的适应性创新,进而促进了数字经济创新。