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591.
Inter-firm collaboration among knowledge-intensive firms is increasing as a result of accelerating competition, falling regulatory barriers and rising customer expectations. Resource dependency theory is used to position knowledge as the key resource for the knowledge-based enterprise and to examine the suitability of alliances as a mode of knowledge acquisition and exchange, contrasted particularly with merger and acquisition. The alliance and knowledge literatures are reviewed, and particular attention is paid to the critical alliance formation stage. This stage is reviewed against a research model that posits firm performance in knowledge creation arises from a number of factors, including the motivation for an alliance, partner firm characteristics (the ability to develop and sustain valuable resources; absorptive capacity; combinative capability; experience with alliances; and appropriate design for knowledge exchange), the development of operating structures and norms, and the choice of alliance structure. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research.. 相似文献
592.
Kathleen M. Roche Nan Marie Astone David Bishai 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2007,28(3):471-488
Using data from Welfare, Children and Families: A 3-City Study, this study explores how change and stability in out-of-school care are associated with changes in problem behaviors among
youth from Time 1 (i.e., at ages 10–11) to Time 2 (an average of 16 months later). Girls in at-home, family care or an organized
activity at Time 1 and in informal, out-of-home care or self-care at Time 2 experienced greater increases in problem behaviors
than girls remaining in at-home family care or an organized activity. Other changes in care were related to youth outcomes
differently depending upon maternal psychological distress. Policies must provide a full range of support services related
to childcare and mental health care for low-income families. 相似文献
593.
Robinson LM Dauenhauer J Bishop KM Baxter J 《Journal of gerontological social work》2012,55(2):175-190
Similar to the general population, adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are living into their 70s and beyond. Health care disparities have been well-documented for this vulnerable and underserved population. Social workers are often responsible for assessment, coordination of care, and negotiation of needed services for people with IDD. This article explores the challenges facing social workers in meeting the growing health and social needs of aging adults with IDD and their families. Trends in social work practice and gaps in education are discussed as they relate to addressing and reducing current health disparities. 相似文献
594.
Our analyses examine the role neighborhood structural characteristics--including concentrated disadvantage, residential instability, and immigrant concentration--as well as collective efficacy in promoting physical health among neighborhood residents. Using data from the 1990 census, the 1994 Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods Community Survey, and the 1991-2000 Metropolitan Chicago Information Center-Metro Survey, we model the effects of individual and neighborhood level factors on self-rated physical health employing hierarchical ordered logit models. First, we find that neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is not significantly related to self-rated physical health when individual level demographic and health background are controlled. Second, individuals residing in neighborhoods with higher levels of collective efficacy report better overall health. Finally, socioeconomic disadvantage and collective efficacy condition the positive effects of individual level education on physical health. 相似文献
595.
We evaluated the interactive influences of attentional state and attentional inertia on infants' level of attentional engagement. We assessed infants' distraction latencies longitudinally at 6.5 and 9 months as they explored toys, and we coded both their attentional state (focused vs. casual) and how long they had been looking at the toy at each distractor onset. Consistent with previous results, both attentional state and attentional inertia contributed to differences in distraction latency. Importantly, the level of attentional engagement was interactively determined by attentional state and attentional inertia. Infants were most resistant to distraction when they were judged to be in a state of focused attention following relatively long looks to the toy, and they were equivalently less resistant to distraction under all other conditions. These results are consistent with a general conceptualization of attentional engagement resulting from the interaction of multiple processes. 相似文献
596.
597.
Emotion Knowledge Skills in Low-income Elementary School Children: Associations with Social Status and Peer Experiences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alison L. Miller Kathleen Kiely Gouley Ronald Seifer Audrey Zakriski Maria Eguia Michael Vergnani 《Social Development》2005,14(4):637-651
This short‐term longitudinal study examined relations between emotion knowledge and social functioning in a sample of low‐income kindergarten and 1st graders. Individual differences in spontaneous emotion naming and emotion recognition skills were used to predict children's social functioning at school, including peer‐nominated sociometric status, and child self‐reports of negative experiences with peers in school (peer victimization and rejection). Children who had greater emotional vocabulary and recognized emotions more accurately had better outcomes in all areas, and many of the associations between fall emotion knowledge skills and spring social functioning outcomes held after covarying grade and children's previous status with regard to these outcomes. Results are discussed with regard to implications for prevention and intervention programs (e.g., the PATHS curriculum) that focus on teaching emotion knowledge skills in order to foster high‐risk children's social competence. 相似文献
598.
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600.
Quasi-Bayesian Analysis Using Imprecise Probability Assessments And The Generalized Bayes’ Rule 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The generalized Bayes’ rule (GBR) can be used to conduct ‘quasi-Bayesian’ analyses when prior beliefs are represented by imprecise
probability models. We describe a procedure for deriving coherent imprecise probability models when the event space consists
of a finite set of mutually exclusive and exhaustive events. The procedure is based on Walley’s theory of upper and lower
prevision and employs simple linear programming models. We then describe how these models can be updated using Cozman’s linear
programming formulation of the GBR. Examples are provided to demonstrate how the GBR can be applied in practice. These examples
also illustrate the effects of prior imprecision and prior-data conflict on the precision of the posterior probability distribution. 相似文献