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981.
The authors examined whether nonresident fathers provide informal support to their children and whether support stops if their ex‐partner goes on to have a child with a new man. A logistic regression analysis of longitudinal survey and administrative data for 434 women who received welfare in Wisconsin showed that fathers are less likely to provide informal support when their ex‐partner has a child with a new partner. Alternative models that control for unobserved characteristics suggest somewhat different results, providing stronger evidence of declines in support that can be shared across family members than in support that can be directed to a particular child. 相似文献
982.
Jason M. Fletcher 《Journal of Labor Research》2012,33(1):49-75
In this paper, we use a longitudinal survey that has collected information for 50 years on a large cohort of Wisconsin high
school graduates and their siblings to examine the long term impact of early occupational choice on health status. We find
evidence that beginning a career in a blue collar occupation is correlated with several measures of poor health outcomes at
ages 50–65. Since our dataset includes usually unobserved pre-labor market characteristics, including IQ and childhood health
status, we can show that controlling for these variables is important for many results and suggests a high level of selection
into occupation based on health and ability. We also provide evidence of gender differentials in the association between first
occupation and later health. Then, we replace our basic measure of occupational categories with summary measures of job characteristics
and find that employment at “bad jobs” at the beginning of an individual’s career predicts later health outcomes. Finally,
we use sibling information in the dataset to show that unmeasured family background factors explain a large share of the effects
of occupation on later health. Overall, the evidence points to limited, though heterogeneous, long term effects of health
from blue collar employment. 相似文献
983.
Kandice Kapinos 《Journal of Labor Research》2012,33(1):91-103
In light of the recent concerns regarding the solvency of Social Security’s Old-Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI),
private pensions may play an increasingly important role in retirement welfare of US retirees. However, the private pension
landscape has evolved in ways that may result in lower private pension wealth for retirees. One recent such phenomenon involves
the conversion of traditional defined benefit pension plans to cash balance plans, which results in lower pension benefits
for many workers. In this study, I investigated how characteristics of the firm’s workforce influenced whether the firm converted
their traditional pension plan to a cash balance plan and how these characteristics related to the firm’s pension plan policy
more generally. Using the Longitudinal Employer-Household Data and pension plan data from the Department of Labor/Internal
Revenue Service and the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, I found little evidence of workforce age distribution effects
on the likelihood of DB plan conversion to a cash balance plan in the 1990s. More generally, I consistently found positive
associations between firms with older and more female workforces and defined contribution plans during the same time. 相似文献
984.
Maria Medvedeva 《The International migration review》2012,46(2):517-545
This study is about the multifaceted nature of language use in immigrant families. Following earlier explorations of language in the segmented assimilation framework and using adolescent and parental data from the 1995 wave of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study, this article examines how adolescents’ use of English with their parents relates to their proficiency in English and ethnic languages, and their personal language preferences, as well as their parents’ language proficiency and use. The findings suggested that adolescent language choice in child–parent interactions reflected the family’s ways to negotiate the distinct linguistic repertoires of immigrant parents and their children. The adolescent use of English was not necessarily associated with social and emotional estrangement between generations. Even when adolescents generally preferred English, they were less likely to use English in child–parent interactions if their parents, particularly their mothers, were less proficient in English. On the other hand, adolescents were more likely to speak English to their parents if their mothers were proficient in English, regardless of what language parents used with the children. Parents who spoke to their children in English likely responded to their children’s doubts about their ethnic language proficiency and were linguistically and emotionally ready to make that transition. 相似文献
985.
Elizabeth Popp Berman 《Theory and Society》2012,41(3):261-299
Organizational institutionalism has shown how institutional entrepreneurs can introduce new logics into fields and push for
their broader acceptance. In academic science in the United States, however, market logic gained strength without such an
entrepreneurial project. This article proposes an alternative “practice selection” model to explain how a new institutional
logic can gain strength when local innovations interact with changes outside the field. Actors within a field are always experimenting
with practices grounded in a variety of logics. When one logic is dominant, innovations based on alternative logics may have
trouble gaining the resources they need to become more broadly institutionalized. But if a changing environment starts systematically
to favor practices based on an alternative logic, that logic can become stronger even in the absence of a coherent project
to promote it. This is what happened in US academic science, as growing political concern with the economic impact of innovation
changed the field’s environment in ways that encouraged the spread of local market-logic practices. 相似文献
986.
Elizabeth Bernstein 《Theory and Society》2012,41(3):233-259
This article draws upon recent works in sociology, jurisprudence, and feminist theory in order to assess the ways in which
feminism, and sex and gender more generally, have become intricately interwoven with punitive agendas in contemporary US politics.
Melding existing theoretical discussions of penal trends with insights drawn from my own ethnographic research on the contemporary
anti-trafficking movement in the United States—the most recent domain of feminist activism in which a crime frame has prevailed
against competing models of social justice—I elaborate upon the ways that neoliberalism and the politics of sex and gender
have intertwined to produce a carceral turn in feminist advocacy movements previously organized around struggles for economic
justice and liberation. Taking the anti-trafficking movement as a case study, I further demonstrate how human rights discourse
has become a key vehicle both for the transnationalization of carceral politics and for the reincorporation of these policies
into the domestic terrain in a benevolent, feminist guise. I conclude by urging greater and more nuanced attention to the
operations of gender and sexual politics within mainstream analyses of contemporary modes of punishment, as well as a careful
consideration of the neoliberal carceral state within feminist discussions of gender, sexuality, and the law. 相似文献
987.
Luiz Claudio Marques Campos Patricia Maria Mendon?a Mario Aquino Alves 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2012,23(1):236-256
This article reflects on the importance of the relations between state and society in policy-making in the area of public
health. Several studies in various sectors such as health, education, and social services have made similar observations on
organizational dynamics and the institutionalization of different models of partnerships or contracts, often based on the
analytical model of three sectors. Individuals and their networks of relationships, however, remain an almost unexplored dimension
in these types of research. Against this backdrop, this study seeks to analyze the movement of HIV/AIDS activists to governmental
organizations working in this same field. The analysis raises questions concerning the forms of individual and institutional
learning that help to maintain the distinct character of innovation of the Brazilian policy. Professionals who cross the borders
hold a different profile once they have accumulated experience working with grassroots and local NGOs, and have also had the
chance to be trained and enhance their technical and managerial capacities, since the government has supported NGOs for a
long period. When combined, these experiences allow them to maintain relationships with social movements and give them the
ability to navigate through the government bureaucracy and handle technical information about fighting AIDS epidemics, making
it possible for them to negotiate strategic collaborations reflecting the interests of different groups. Hence, they constantly
reflect on the differences between government and social spaces, and keep questioning and modifying their roles in the light
of potential and existing complementarities. 相似文献
988.
This article intends to discuss the interfaces of Decree No. 6042 and the adoption of its guidelines as a strategy to reduce the occupational hazards. 相似文献
989.
The study aimed to conduct a literature review as a step of the development of a new questionnaire about the nursing workers' perception of job factors that may lead to musculoskeletal symptoms. An information synthesis was achieved by collecting data from studies that fitted the search criteria. The results showed that despite the existence of several job factors related to musculoskeletal symptoms, no specific questionnaire that evaluates this relationship was found. Therefore, this literature review presents important topics for developing the first questionnaire to analyze work activities that may contribute to pain and discomfort among nursing personnel. 相似文献
990.
This article presents the steps of transforming the material and organizational aspects in the work environment, beyond the social order for the proper development of activities in the Household Distribution Center, the Postmen Motorcyclists. The demand was made by managers from the accident records, establishing the need to identify the working conditions of postmen motorcyclists, regarding motorcycle accidents occurring on public roads. Method: Based on the characteristics of the steps required by the methodology, was necessary to realize internal and external observations, with the aim of identifying the dynamics of the accident and the collective dimensions of activity which requires a strategy for monitoring the work on the street. 相似文献