试论亚太战略格局对中国解决台湾问题的影响

台湾问题是在二战后亚太战略格局急剧变化这一特定背景下形成的.冷战以来,解决台湾问题的外部环境已发生重大而深刻的变化.因此,如何解决台湾问题,必须把它放到亚太战略格局的大背景中,具体考察包括祖国大陆、台湾、美国和日本乃至东盟、俄罗斯等有关因素,在权衡各方利弊得失的基础上作出明智而又理性的选择.     

金融危机背景下的创业机会研究

通过经济学理论分析了创业与就业的关系,认为金融危机下创业机会很大并且有望促进国家经济发展.金融危机对我国的就业形势产生了很大的影响,这些影响主要来自国际贸易收缩及我国货币政策变化两方面.文章还从创业个人心理特征及外部环境两方面阐述了创业中风险的存在性,希望青年人创业时掌握好分寸,合理规避风险,争取双赢.     

On comparing a "black" and a "zwarte" school: Towards relevant concepts and illuminating questions

This paper represents some of the first findings from a cross-cultural analysis of student high-school cultures in two countries. The analysis presented here is part of PhD dissertation research being conducted for the University of Amsterdam. We take a close look at the differences and similarities between two schools in seemingly divergent contexts: a high school consisting of mostly African-American students in the Bronx, New York, and a so-called "zwarte" (black) school in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Despite contextual differences, we find that there are many similarities in the types of subcultures that are prevalent at both schools, and the consequences that these subcultures have for social variables such as identity formation, peer group influence, academic expectations, exclusion and acceptance variables, attitudes towards the school, etc. Both allow insight into emerging "Black Atlantic" youth cultural patterns, and the consequences these have for the educational institutions in society.     

城镇化视角的地方政府性债务规模问题研究

通过观察地方政府性债务规模与城镇化进程之间的变化趋势,构建二者之间呈现"倒U型"变化趋势的理论模型,并利用格兰杰因果检验以及协整检验对理论模型进行验证。在理论分析的基础上,指出在城镇化不断推进过程中,只要地方政府性债务资金的使用能够实现"帕累托改进",那么地方政府性债务规模就没有绝对的界限。地方政府作为城镇化建设早期的责任主体,地方政府性债务规模膨胀是城镇化建设所必须经历的一个阶段。而且,随着民间资本逐渐参与到城镇化建设中,地方政府性债务规模将会逐渐变小。最后,从严格控制城镇化建设各个项目支出、建立健全地方政府性债务风险预警机制、加强地方债相关法制建设以及加快推进城镇化建设进程等方面提出了对策建议。     

Interactive bacterial foraging optimization algorithm for aircraft base maintenance technician scheduling; [基于交互式细菌觅食优化算法的 飞机基地维修人员调度]

In recent years, with the reform of industry segmentation, more and more airlines outsource maintenance tasks to aircraft base maintenance service providers to reduce operational costs. As the most important part of aircraft base maintenance service providers, the scheduling scheme of the aircraft maintenance technicians determines whether the maintenance service could be completed on time. However, aircraft maintenance technicians often face a tense and difficult working environment. The shortage of the rest time and huge psychological pressure decrease working efficiency and quality, which is not conducive to the timely delivery of maintenance orders. In addition, at present, the complex and distributed maintenance technician scheduling mainly depends on the project managers according to personal experience. Therefore, for a maintenance technician scheduling scheme, both efficiency and fairness cannot be guaranteed. To solve the above problems, this paper studies the distributed aircraft base maintenance technician scheduling problem considering the fairness of workload distribution and designs an interactive bacterial foraging optimization algorithm according to the characteristics of the considered NP-hard problem. First, different from the traditional aircraft maintenance technician scheduling model, this paper distinguishes the maintenance tasks on different aircrafts and considers the maintenance task-technician assignment problem from four dimensions, including aircraft, maintenance task, maintenance technician, and maintenance shift. Instead of simplifying the maintenance tasks of all aircrafts into a single task sequence, the task-technician assignment for maintenance aircrafts in the hangar is abstracted as a distributed maintenance technician scheduling problem. Moreover, since multiple aircrafts in the hangar need to share the same group of maintenance technicians at the same time, the distributed technician scheduling is carried out by accumulating the maintenance time of each aircraft to ensure that maintenance tasks on multiple aircrafts can be performed synchronously. Based on the above analysis, both optimization objective and constraints are designed from the aspects of on-time delivery of the whole maintenance work, cost control, and reasonable and fair workload distribution, so as to make the scheduling scheme of maintenance technicians more specific and meet the requirements of actual maintenance scenarios. Then, according to the distributed, nonlinear, discrete, and multi-dimensional characteristics of the considered NP-hard problem, this paper proposes the interactive bacterial foraging optimization (IBFO) algorithm based on bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) algorithm to obtain excellent characteristics, such as strong adaptability to the environment and outstanding parallelism. Compared with BFO, IBFO improves both structure and information interaction mode. In terms of algorithm structure, the three-tier nested loop in the original BFO is disassembled. Chemotaxis, replication, and dispersion are regarded as three parallel operations. In terms of information interaction mode, the bacterial swarm is divided into multiple sub-swarms. By designing the information interaction mode of bacterial individuals among each sub swarm, the effective communication and learning of the whole group are realized, including information interaction within its historical position and information interaction with other individuals. Through the above improvements, bacterial individuals can obtain information from more individuals to enhance the overall optimization ability and search efficiency. Next, this paper depicts a unique encoding mechanism to connect the IBFO algorithm with the built model, and four groups of comparative experiments are designed to verify the effectiveness of IBFO in solving the above model. The BFO, swarm intelligence bacterial foraging optimization (SiBFO), bacterial colony optimization (BCO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), comprehensive learning particle swarm optimizer (CLPSO), and genetic algorithm (GA) are chosen as comparison algorithms. The experimental results show that compared with the other six algorithms, the interactive bacterial foraging optimization algorithm owns stronger search ability, higher search accuracy, better robustness as well as convergence performance. Additionally, with the expansion of the problem scales and the prominence of the distributed mode, compared with other algorithms, IBFO has more obvious advantages in cost-saving and fairness improvement than the other listed intelligent algorithms. In summary, different from the previous simplified aircraft base maintenance technician scheduling model, this paper constructs a distributed one based on the maintenance technician′s concern about the fairness of workload distribution and the aircraft base maintenance service provider′s consideration of cost control, which is more in line with the actual scenario requirements of the synchronous execution of maintenance tasks on multiple aircrafts in the maintenance hangar. This paper also devises an interactive bacterial foraging optimization algorithm suitable for solving the above model. The improvement of the algorithm structure, the division within the swarm, and the communication and learning mechanism between different sub-swarms enhance the optimizing performance and solving ability of the algorithm. The proposed method not only provides a more reasonable and humanized technician scheduling scheme for aircraft maintenance base service providers but also effectively solves the problems of time-consuming, poor fairness, and laborious manual scheduling and enhances the operational efficiency of aircraft maintenance bases. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.     

基于政策工具视角的我国众创政策量化分析

政策工具既是众创经济发展的关键因素和基本保证，也是众创社会治理的重要手段和有效途径。基于政策工具视域，对选取的32份我国众创经济政策进行定量分析，开展政策样本选择、分析单元定义、众创频度统计和分析框架制定，并从众创政策工具和众创经济模式两个维度实证剖析我国众创政策现状问题。研究发现，众创政策主要以通知和意见为主，政策力度及系统性欠缺，众创法律相对分散层级不高；环境型和供给型政策工具失衡，策略措施和目标规划这两类政策存在明显真空地带，需求型政策工具缺位；相比众扶和众筹政策工具使用优势，众包模式稍显劣势。据此提出保证政策系统联动，完善众创法律体系，推广四类众创经济模式等路径建议，以期为完善我国众创政策提供科学借鉴。     

个人信息保护:作为基本权利的解读

个人信息保护将个人信息视作权益的传统模式已难以胜任保障个人信息安全的要求,有必要将个人信息上升到宪法维度中的基本权利予以保护。基于基本权利视角下构建个人信息权,对于数字时代的人权保障更具深远意义。确立以人的尊严和自由为核心的个人信息权,需要国家承担相应的保护义务,具体而言,首先应当加强个人信息权作为基本权利的地位,并健全相应的个人信息保护法律体系;其次,使专门机构在个人信息保护中依法履责,发挥作用;最后,注重司法机关作为"最后防线"的地位,完善个人信息权的司法救济渠道。