Research records and the resolution of misconduct allegations at research universities

Accurate record keeping is an important part of the responsible conduct of research. However, there is very little empirical research on scientific record keeping. No one knows the incidence of serious problems with research records, the types of problems that occur, nor their consequences. In this study, we examined the role of research records in the resolution of misconduct allegations as a useful barometer for the incidence and types of problems that occur with records. We interviewed Research Integrity Officers (RIOs) at 90 major research universities and conducted focus groups with active research faculty. RIOs reported problems with research records in 38% of the 553 investigations they conducted. Severe problems with research records often prevented completion of investigations while problems that are more typical lengthened them by 2 to 3 weeks. Five types of poor record keeping practices accounted for 75 % of the problems with incomplete/inadequate records being the most common (30%). The focus groups concurred with the findings from the interviews with RIOs, stressed the importance of the research group leader in setting and maintaining record practices, and offered additional insights. While university officials and faculty members have suspected for many years that there are serious problems with research record keeping, our study provides empirical evidence for this belief. By documenting some of the problems with record keeping in university-based research, the results of our study provide information that will be useful for policy development at academic institutions.     

Genetic and environmental effects on sexual excitation and sexual inhibition in men

The Sexual Inhibition and Sexual Excitation Scales (SIS/SES) measure the propensity for sexual inhibition and excitation in men. According to the theoretical model underlying the SIS/SES, sexual response and associated behavior depend on dual control mechanisms in the brain involving the balance of excitatory and inhibitory systems which impinge on sexual response. Previous research with the SIS/SES has indicated one higher-order excitatory factor and two higher-order inhibitory factors affecting sexual response. The present study analyzed the item structure and the psychometric properties of the instrument in a population based sample of Finnish male twins (N = 1,289), and, including 37 out of 45 items of the original scales, estimated the heritability of and the environmental influences on the excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. The twin correlations and the structural equation modeling suggested modest heritability for both inhibitory mechanisms. Sexual excitation, in contrast, was not influenced by genetic effects and similarities between twins for this mechanism seemed to be caused by the common environment of the twins.     

Neighborhood residential segregation and physical health among Hispanic Americans: good, bad, or benign?

Although considerable evidence shows that residential segregation is deleterious to the health of African Americans, findings regarding segregation and health for Hispanic Americans are inconsistent. Competing hypotheses regarding the effects of neighborhood segregation on health are tested with data from Puerto Rican and Mexican American residents of Chicago. Multilevel analyses reveal that segregation is associated with more health problems for Puerto Rican Americans but not for Mexican Americans. In addition, the relationship between segregation and health was conditioned by generational status for Mexican Americans: Second- or later-generation Mexican Americans living in highly segregated neighborhoods had better health than first-generation Mexican Americans in such neighborhoods. These findings reveal that residential segregation has differential effects across Hispanic groups and suggest that a high degree of contact with Mexican Americans promotes health by facilitating flow of informal health resources and social support.     

Developmental Precursors of Number of Sexual Partners From Ages 16 to 22

This study examines family and child characteristics, parent and peer relationships, and early adolescent behavior as statistical predictors of trajectories of number of sexual partners from midadolescence through early adulthood using data from 527 participants in the Child Development Project. Early adolescent developmental antecedents accounted for modest variance in number of sexual partners. Latent growth models revealed that African American race, more advanced pubertal development, lower parental monitoring knowledge, association with more deviant peers, and lower grade point average in early adolescence each predicted having more sexual partners at age 16. In addition, non‐African American race, lower child IQ, higher parental monitoring knowledge, and lower early adolescent internalizing problems each was associated with a higher rate of growth in number of sexual partners over time at the ages following 16. Latent growth mixture modeling identified subgroups with distinct trajectories of involvement with sexual partners that were associated with family and child characteristics, parent and peer relationships, and behavior in early adolescence.     

Distributional results for special cases of the jolly-seber model

The multinomial-binomial approach to the Jolly-Seber capture- recapture model is used as a basis to derive explicit probability distributions for special cases of the Jolly-Seber model:no recruitment, or no mortality. Also given are the residual distributions that allow tests of these restricted models compared to the general Jolly-Seber model. Losses on capture are allowed. The special case distribution is also derived for no recruitment and no mortality, but allowing losses on capture; this is a generalized version of Darroch's closed capture-recapture model. Here, however, it was not possible to obtain a closed form residual distribution.     

Estimation of p(y<x) in the gamma case

We consider estimation of P(Y<X) when X?Γr(M,λ) and Y?Γ(N,μ) are independent with M and N known. A concise representation of the UMVUE and several representations for the MLE are derived. Closed-form exact expressions of both MSE's and the bias of the MLE are obtained. Large-sample results are given and numerical comparison of the two point estimators is made. Confidence intervals are given.     

Integrating Census Data to Support a Motion for Change of Venue

This applied demography case study illustrates the practical application of demographic concepts and methods to an issue facing the court. We show how census data can be used to support a legal motion for a change of venue. “Change of venue,” the legal term for moving a trial to a new location, usually is sought to avoid prejudice against one of the parties to a lawsuit. The case study will interest demographic practitioners, and it can be used as an instructional case in teaching applied demography: students can replicate it using data for any particular pair of populous metropolitan communities. By doing so, students would gain proficiency working with Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) household records—and the person records within household records—to identify and categorize family and nonfamily relationships among household members, and practical experience translating legal issues into questions that can be answered empirically using American Community Survey (ACS) data.     

A comparison of robust regression techniques for the estimation of weibull parameters

In this paper several alternative robust reqression techniques are compared for estimating parameters of a Weibull distribution . In addition to the usual least squares (L₂) and least absolute deviation (L₁) methods, a number of one-step reweighting schemes based on the L₁residuals are considered. The results of an extensive series of Monte Carlo simulation experiments demonstrate that the Anscmbe reweighting scheme generally produces the best Weibull estimates over the range of sample sizes and parameter values studied.     

Sexual fantasies among married males: An analysis of sexual satisfaction,situational contexts,and functions (1)

The purposes of this empirical study were to determine the relationship, if any, between sexual fantasies and sexual satisfaction as well as the functions of sexual fantasies for married males. From a structural‐functionalism perspective, a questionnaire was developed and pretested for this exploratory study of sexual fantasies. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to 840 undergraduate and graduate student volunteers at a midwestern commuter university. These analyses are restricted to a subsample of 127 married males contained in the original sample. While many authorities have argued that engaging in sexual fantasies may be undesirable, the findings in this study do not support that conclusion.