全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8629篇 |
免费 | 126篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
管理学 | 1387篇 |
民族学 | 29篇 |
人口学 | 802篇 |
丛书文集 | 36篇 |
理论方法论 | 781篇 |
综合类 | 95篇 |
社会学 | 4264篇 |
统计学 | 1363篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 99篇 |
2019年 | 135篇 |
2018年 | 157篇 |
2017年 | 182篇 |
2016年 | 170篇 |
2015年 | 115篇 |
2014年 | 171篇 |
2013年 | 1435篇 |
2012年 | 205篇 |
2011年 | 227篇 |
2010年 | 171篇 |
2009年 | 170篇 |
2008年 | 203篇 |
2007年 | 211篇 |
2006年 | 213篇 |
2005年 | 210篇 |
2004年 | 173篇 |
2003年 | 146篇 |
2002年 | 174篇 |
2001年 | 175篇 |
2000年 | 191篇 |
1999年 | 153篇 |
1998年 | 152篇 |
1997年 | 135篇 |
1996年 | 135篇 |
1995年 | 158篇 |
1994年 | 154篇 |
1993年 | 146篇 |
1992年 | 151篇 |
1991年 | 163篇 |
1990年 | 179篇 |
1989年 | 152篇 |
1988年 | 167篇 |
1987年 | 144篇 |
1986年 | 141篇 |
1985年 | 142篇 |
1984年 | 154篇 |
1983年 | 144篇 |
1982年 | 107篇 |
1981年 | 87篇 |
1980年 | 97篇 |
1979年 | 118篇 |
1978年 | 99篇 |
1977年 | 81篇 |
1976年 | 89篇 |
1975年 | 57篇 |
1974年 | 78篇 |
1973年 | 62篇 |
1971年 | 48篇 |
1970年 | 48篇 |
排序方式: 共有8757条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Peter G. W. Schouten 《Journal of marital and family therapy》1994,20(1):53-60
The article examines some issues raised in Gavin and Wamboldt's (1992) recent study on the Family-of-Origin Scale (FOS) (Hovestadt, Anderson, Piercy, Cochran, & Fine, 1985). The discussion centers on unresolved concerns regarding the validity and utility of the FOS and on unsubstantiated and potentially misleading claims made in the Gavin and Wamboldt article. A case is made for conceptual and methodological precision in the study of family phenomena. 相似文献
32.
Sharon Klayman Farber M.S.W. 《Clinical Social Work Journal》1991,19(1):95-98
The author responds to the article by Annaclare van Dalen (1989), disputing her statement that there is little in the literature about the emotional consequences of child abuse. The author reviews the pertinent literature, which is abundant. The author disagrees with van Dalen's statement that the child experiences physical abuse outside the body, and with the statement that the child experiences sexual abuse as pleasurable. In addition the author disagrees with van Dalen's sharp differentiation between physical abuse and sexual abuse, and proposes that sexual abuse be regarded as a variant of physical abuse. 相似文献
33.
Charles W. Griffiths Chris Dockins Nicole Owens Nathalie B. Simon Daniel A. Axelrad 《Risk analysis》2002,22(4):679-688
To quantify the health benefits of environmental policies, economists generally require estimates of the reduced probability of illness or death. For policies that reduce exposure to carcinogenic substances, these estimates traditionally have been obtained through the linear extrapolation of experimental dose-response data to low-exposure scenarios as described in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (1986). In response to evolving scientific knowledge, EPA proposed revisions to the guidelines in 1996. Under the proposed revisions, dose-response relationships would not be estimated for carcinogens thought to exhibit nonlinear modes of action. Such a change in cancer-risk assessment methods and outputs will likely have serious consequences for how benefit-cost analyses of policies aimed at reducing cancer risks are conducted. Any tendency for reduced quantification of effects in environmental risk assessments, such as those contemplated in the revisions to EPA's cancer-risk assessment guidelines, impedes the ability of economic analysts to respond to increasing calls for benefit-cost analysis. This article examines the implications for benefit-cost analysis of carcinogenic exposures of the proposed changes to the 1986 Guidelines and proposes an approach for bounding dose-response relationships when no biologically based models are available. In spite of the more limited quantitative information provided in a carcinogen risk assessment under the proposed revisions to the guidelines, we argue that reasonable bounds on dose-response relationships can be estimated for low-level exposures to nonlinear carcinogens. This approach yields estimates of reduced illness for use in a benefit-cost analysis while incorporating evidence of nonlinearities in the dose-response relationship. As an illustration, the bounding approach is applied to the case of chloroform exposure. 相似文献
34.
Casey Crump Kenny Crump Eric Hack Rose Luippold Kenneth Mundt Elizabeth Liebig Julie Panko Dennis Paustenbach Deborah Proctor 《Risk analysis》2003,23(6):1147-1163
This study evaluates the dose-response relationship for inhalation exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and lung cancer mortality for workers of a chromate production facility, and provides estimates of the carcinogenic potency. The data were analyzed using relative risk and additive risk dose-response models implemented with both Poisson and Cox regression. Potential confounding by birth cohort and smoking prevalence were also assessed. Lifetime cumulative exposure and highest monthly exposure were the dose metrics evaluated. The estimated lifetime additional risk of lung cancer mortality associated with 45 years of occupational exposure to 1 microg/m3 Cr(VI) (occupational exposure unit risk) was 0.00205 (90%CI: 0.00134, 0.00291) for the relative risk model and 0.00216 (90%CI: 0.00143, 0.00302) for the additive risk model assuming a linear dose response for cumulative exposure with a five-year lag. Extrapolating these findings to a continuous (e.g., environmental) exposure scenario yielded an environmental unit risk of 0.00978 (90%CI: 0.00640, 0.0138) for the relative risk model [e.g., a cancer slope factor of 34 (mg/kg-day)-1] and 0.0125 (90%CI: 0.00833, 0.0175) for the additive risk model. The relative risk model is preferred because it is more consistent with the expected trend for lung cancer risk with age. Based on statistical tests for exposure-related trend, there was no statistically significant increased lung cancer risk below lifetime cumulative occupational exposures of 1.0 mg-yr/m3, and no excess risk for workers whose highest average monthly exposure did not exceed the current Permissible Exposure Limit (52 microg/m3). It is acknowledged that this study had limited power to detect increases at these low exposure levels. These cancer potency estimates are comparable to those developed by U.S. regulatory agencies and should be useful for assessing the potential cancer hazard associated with inhaled Cr(VI). 相似文献
35.
We discuss the issue of using benchmark doses for quantifying (excess) risk associated with exposure to environmental hazards. The paradigm of low-dose risk estimation in dose-response modeling is used as the primary application scenario. Emphasis is placed on making simultaneous inferences on benchmark doses when data are in the form of proportions, although the concepts translate easily to other forms of outcome data. 相似文献
36.
37.
Kenneth Roberts 《The International migration review》2002,36(2):492-519
Using data on 54,373 migrants from the Fifth Sampling Survey of the Floating Population of Shanghai, this article isolates a group of 32,967 rural labor migrants who hold rural household registrations and whose previous occupations were in agriculture, and focuses on the women among them. The demographic and occupational characteristics of these 9,124 women are described, demonstrating that migration to Shanghai is a highly gendered process, with men and women working in different occupations and sectors. Moreover, important differences are found to exist between unmarried and married female rural labor migrants that indicate that the latter are probably accompanying and working with their migrant husbands. A significant proportion of female “social” migrants also exhibit characteristics that indicate that they are the spouses of male rural labor migrants, bringing to over one third the proportion of rural labor migrants to Shanghai who could be migrating as couples. These couples and their children may be the vanguard in a transition from temporary labor migration to settlement in China's large cities. 相似文献
38.
The diaspora of peoples whose origins were in the Indian subcontinent (South Asia) and who are now living in Western countries (especially the U.S. and UK) provides an interesting example of processes of negotiation of new hybrid cultures and identities, using new technologies, such as the Internet, and older technologies like the video player, cable or satellite television, radio, and telephone. These developments may require a revision of the classic sociological picture of assimilation as a zero sum model of acculturation, in which the acculturation of immigrants and their children involves the gradual replacement of their ethnic culture by that of the culture of the host nation. The electronic media, in the context of policies of multiculturalism, may lead to an accentuation of religio-ethnic differences. Contrary to previous assumptions, middle-class immigrants may be more inclined to resist cultural assimilation than their lower-class counterparts. 相似文献
39.
Reed W. Larson B. Bradford Brown Jeylan T. Mortimer 《Journal of research on adolescence》2002,12(1):iii-viii
40.