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31.
Aileen O’Driscoll 《Feminist Media Studies》2019,19(5):732-749
While much attention has been given to critiquing sexism and stereotyping in advertising texts, less weight is afforded to examining the gendered opinions and worldviews of the practitioners who create such texts and even less focus on such attitudes as held by advertising students—the next generation of advertisers. This paper is concerned with exploring advertising students’ attitudes towards representations of the sexes in adverts, and how this may reflect their gendered opinions more generally. Analysing individual, semi-structured student interviews (n = 12) reveals that, while there was widespread acknowledgement that sexual objectification of women in advertising remains prevalent, there was a discursive turn towards a concern for men and boys, and assertions that misandry has emerged as a concerning and unwelcome trend in advertising imagery and texts. This was bolstered by a less prevalent theme; one which lauds the figure of the “tomboy” and thereby serves to privilege the male experience. 相似文献
32.
Kevin J. A. Thomas 《Demography》2009,46(3):513-534
In this study, I examine disparities in schooling progress among children born to immigrant and U.S.-born blacks. I find that
in one- and two-parent families, children born to black immigrants are less likely to fall behind in school than those born
to U.S.-born blacks. In two-parent immigrant families, children born to two immigrant parents have a significant schooling
advantage over children born to one immigrant parent. While children born to two immigrant parents in the wealthiest black
immigrant families do better in the second generation than in the first, the reverse is observed among children in less wealthy
families. These findings contribute in two ways to our understanding of the assimilation processes of children born to black
immigrant parents. First, they show that there is a positive association between the number of immigrant parents in a family
and children’s schooling performance. Second, they suggest that disparities in the assimilation patterns of the children of
black immigrants are a likely product of the interaction between their parental characteristics and the socioeconomic circumstances
of their families. 相似文献
33.
Robert D. Crutchfield Martie L. Skinner Kevin P. Haggerty Anne McGlynn Richard F. Catalano 《Race and social problems》2009,1(4):218-230
Criminologists have long reported the existence of racial disparity in the criminal justice system, but the important question
is why. While some argue that observed differences are a consequence of more criminal behavior among minorities, the weight
of the evidence indicates that this is but a partial explanation. In this paper, we study data from a sample of juveniles
to examine how racial differences in early police contact, and important social environments—family, school, and neighborhoods—affect
later contact and arrests, controlling for self-reported delinquency. We find that early (in middle school) contact with police
is an important predictor of later (high school) arrests. Also we found that, in addition to being male and living in a low-income
family, children who have parents who have a history of arrest, who have experienced school disciplinary actions, who have
delinquent peers, and who are in networks with deviant adults are more likely to have problems with law enforcement. These
factors help to explain racial differences in police contacts and arrests. 相似文献
34.
有关中国消费者关于转基因食品接受度的资料非常有限.本文则首次尝试对中国消费者关于非转基因(non-GM)食用油的支付意愿(WTP)问题进行评估.通过对北京的671个消费者进行调查采访,运用假设评价方法(contingent valuation),可推导出消费者对非转基因菜油的支付意愿.为避免调查者无响应引起的偏差,运用了双变量概率选择模式对调查数据进行分析.研究结果表明,消费者对非转基因菜油的支付意愿受到了许多因素的影响,比如价格、风险意识、受教育程度和知识水平等等.计算所得的WTP显示,平均而言,被调查者愿意支付33%的额外费用来消费非转基因菜油.这一结果表明,中国消费者对转基因油持有相当怀疑的态度. 相似文献
35.
Nancy Rolock Alfred G. Pérez Kevin R. White Rowena Fong 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2018,35(1):11-20
For nearly four decades, child welfare policy and practice have focused on the achievement of legal permanence for children in foster care. Although federal child welfare policy has resulted in the movement of children from state custody to legally permanent adoptive or guardianship families, little is known about the quality and enduring nature of these placements. A significant challenge of the twenty-first century child welfare system is how to ensure the well-being of children currently living with adoptive parents or guardians. This paper discusses child welfare policy and trends related to post-permanency well-being, including the decrease in Title IV-E foster care caseloads nationwide and the simultaneous increase in Title IV-E adoptive and guardianship caseloads. We highlight the needs of a twenty-first century child welfare system, including increased federal efforts to ensure child permanence and well-being after legal adoption or guardianship has been achieved, as well as more rigorous longitudinal and interdisciplinary research focused on the post-permanency adjustment of children and their families. 相似文献
36.
D. James Greiner Kevin M. Quinn 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society)》2009,172(1):67-81
Summary. Despite its potential pitfalls, ecological inference is an unavoidable part of some quantitative settings, including US voting rights litigation. In such applications, the analyst will typically encounter two-way tables with more than two rows and columns. Although several ecological inference methods are currently available for 2×2 tables, there are fewer options for analysing general R × C tables, and virtually none that model counts as opposed to fractions. We propose a count R × C method that respects the bounds deterministically, that allows for complex relationships between internal cell quantities, that is easily extensible and that results from transparent assumptions. We study the method via simulation, and then apply it to an example that is drawn from the state of Texas relevant to recent redistricting litigation there. 相似文献
37.
Carroll KJ 《Pharmaceutical statistics》2006,5(4):283-293
In oncology, it may not always be possible to evaluate the efficacy of new medicines in placebo-controlled trials. Furthermore, while some newer, biologically targeted anti-cancer treatments may be expected to deliver therapeutic benefit in terms of better tolerability or improved symptom control, they may not always be expected to provide increased efficacy relative to existing therapies. This naturally leads to the use of active-control, non-inferiority trials to evaluate such treatments. In recent evaluations of anti-cancer treatments, the non-inferiority margin has often been defined in terms of demonstrating that at least 50% of the active control effect has been retained by the new drug using methods such as those described by Rothmann et al., Statistics in Medicine 2003; 22:239-264 and Wang and Hung Controlled Clinical Trials 2003; 24:147-155. However, this approach can lead to prohibitively large clinical trials and results in a tendency to dichotomize trial outcome as either 'success' or 'failure' and thus oversimplifies interpretation. With relatively modest modification, these methods can be used to define a stepwise approach to design and analysis. In the first design step, the trial is sized to show indirectly that the new drug would have beaten placebo; in the second analysis step, the probability that the new drug is superior to placebo is assessed and, if sufficiently high in the third and final step, the relative efficacy of the new drug to control is assessed on a continuum of effect retention via an 'effect retention likelihood plot'. This stepwise approach is likely to provide a more complete assessment of relative efficacy so that the value of new treatments can be better judged. 相似文献
38.
Kevin R. Kelly Ae‐Jung Chang Gunsalus Robert Gunsalus 《The Career development quarterly》2009,58(1):14-28
Limited empirical study of the career development of Asian Americans in general and Korean Americans in particular has been conducted. The authors present the results of a theory‐based exploration of the career goals of Korean American university students in which ethnic identity, self‐efficacy, outcome expectations, and career interests were used to predict goal intentions for science and nonscience careers. Outcome expectations and career interests predicted a moderate amount of variance in science career goal intentions and a moderate to large amount of variance in nonscience career goal intentions. Korean American students' career goal development seems similar to that of American college students. 相似文献
39.
Jennifer J. Driscoll 《Child Abuse Review》2009,18(5):333-345
Media coverage of the death of Baby P revived national concerns about the standard of child safeguarding practice in England following the implementation of widespread structural changes in response to the Victoria Climbié Inquiry chaired by Lord Laming in 2003. This paper discusses the recommendations of Lord Laming's recent Progress Report. It questions whether the scale of the challenge in improving child protection is fully recognised and considers briefly the culture of social care in the UK and the barriers to effective reform. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
40.