Cardiovascular and Tuberculosis Mortality: The Contrasting Effects of Changes in Two Causes of Death

Tuberculosis was the largest source of deaths among younger adults, and cardiovascular disease among older adults, in the America of 1900. Decreases in deaths from tuberculosis since 1900 and cardiovascular disease since 1940 explain most of the mortality drops in those age groups over the century. This article, building on previous work by White and Preston, shows the results of increased survival from these two causes on the US population structure. Standard demographic cause-specific mortality calculations are used to generate life tables without deaths from cardiovascular disease or tuberculosis. Then fixed rates for these diseases from early in the century are assumed while all other causes of death are allowed to change as they did historically. Improvements in cardiovascular mortality and tuberculosis produce some seemingly illogical contrasts. More people are alive today because of the decrease in tuberculosis. Yet more deaths from cardiovascular disease have been prevented, and cardiovascular improvements have raised life expectancy more. Lower tuberculosis mortality had virtually no effect on the average age of the population. Lower cardiovascular mortality alone has raised that average more than all twentieth-century causes of improved mortality combined.     

Investigating the Effects of Mediated and Passive Prompts on Pedestrian and Bicycle Lane Adherence on a College Campus Footbridge

The current study investigated the effects of passive prompts (e.g., posted signs) and mediated prompts (e.g., spoken reminders) encouraging the lane adherence behavior of pedestrians, bicyclists, and other transportation users (i.e., skateboarders, people riding scooters, etc.) on a college campus. Results showed an increased percentage of bridge user lane adherence compared to baseline in both the mediated and passive prompting conditions, with mediated prompting yielding higher (but not significantly higher) adherence measures across sessions. The feasibility and comparative effectiveness of each prompting method are discussed.     

丑恶的他者, 失败的自我——《喜福会》中的华人男性形象解读

文章从《喜福会》中的华人男性形象分析入手,探讨该作品中不同时代背景下华人男性形象的异同,进而讨论以谭恩美为代表的华裔族群在文化认同上存在的问题以及如何建构华裔独特的文化价值观。     

使能技术集成对产品开发绩效的影响

本文以项目管理、全面质量管理、正式会议和标准与规范为组织惯例的观测变量。以技术集成、组织集成、产品平台技术、标准化与模块化为使能技术集成的观测变量。将产品开发绩效定义为产品上市时间和产品的质量与可靠性。探讨机械装备产品开发过程中使能技术集成对组织惯例与产品开发绩效是否具有中介作用。本文引用国际制造业战略调查(InternationalManufacturing Strategy Survey,IMSS-Ⅳ)数据库的部分数据以结构方程式建立实证模型。结果表明,组织惯例之所以能够正面影响产品开发绩效是由于使能技术集成的中介效应所致。     

长江宜宾段底泥对水体中磷的吸附特性研究

为探索长江宜宾段底泥对水体中磷的吸附特性,文章通过野外调查、采样分析和实验室模拟相结合的方法,得出了不同pH值、温度和溶解氧条件下底泥对水体中磷的吸附的影响曲线,揭示了长江宜宾段底泥对磷的吸附规律,同时为该地区河流富营养化的防治和治理提供了理论依据.     

唐诗中的三国历史文化——兼谈巴蜀地域性文化下的唐人咏三国

唐诗,三国历史文化的另一艺术载体。本文将唐诗、三国历史、巴蜀文化三者作整体考察,从接受角度梳理了为什么三国历史文化受到唐人喜爱,从影响角度揭示了三国的汉魏文学传统对唐诗气象的催生和唐诗人对其的传扬,有选择地从创作角度展示了唐人重构三国人事的诗歌再现,从区域角度探讨了巴蜀地域性文化特征促进唐人喜咏三国的独特现象,进而发现了三国文化注入唐诗、唐诗又在巴蜀文化场所歌咏三国历史的关联。     

当代客家学研究的学术观照与现实背景——关于《客家文化史》的思路

一门学科的成熟,固然在于其影响,受众面的扩大,深入人心,在于其研究的深度与力度,特色的形成,但有一个重要的标志,则是不可或缺的,即流派的形成,不同流派的＂众声喧哗＂。因此对客家学的学术观照以及对其现实背景的分析自在必然。《客家文化史》的出版,正是在学理观照下研究范式的一次成功的突破与提升。     

商业业态分化与城市商业空间结构的变迁——来自长沙的实证研究

长沙市作为中部地区中心城市之一,长期以来第三产业占据了城市经济发展的主导地位,商业的发展对长沙的城市经济发展与空间结构产生了重要的影响。本文对长沙市商业业态的分化历程及其空间分布进行实证分析,进而得出长沙市城市商业空间结构的演变基本规律。本文的主要结论是:城市发展历史、交通、城市规划政策、商业自身规律共同构成了商业空间结构的演变,长沙商业业态分化已经呈现出多元化趋势,中心区商业空间逐渐向外疏解,传统商业中心面临升级与转型的压力。