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41.
Prior research has devoted considerable attention to the relationship between the racial and ethnic composition of jobs and various indicators of organizational attachment. Fewer studies, however, examine how workplace racial composition affects individuals’ experiences of racial discrimination or how these experiences impact workers’ organizational attachment. To address this lacuna, we first examine the effects of workplace racial composition on perceived racial and ethnic discrimination. Next, we examine whether perceived racial discrimination mediates the association between racial composition and organizational attachment observed in prior studies. Finally, we explore whether these relationships are similar (symmetric) or different (non-symmetric) for non-Whites and Whites. The analyses indicate: (1) working with predominately same-race coworkers tends to diminish perceptions of racial discrimination, (2) perceived racial discrimination mediates some of the effects of racial/ethnic composition on organizational attachment, and (3) some non-symmetric effects between non-Whites and Whites are found. We conclude with implications for future research. 相似文献
42.
Weatherly JN Miller JC Montes KS Rost C 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2012,28(2):217-223
Dixon and Johnson (Anal Gambl Behav 1: 44–49, 2007) proposed the Gambling Functional Assessment as a tool to identify the consequences maintaining the respondent’s gambling
behavior, but subsequent studies on its psychometric properties suggested that it could use improvement. The present study
investigated the internal consistency of the Gambling Functional Assessment—Revised using the responses of 1,060 undergraduate
students. Temporal reliability was assessed by a second administration of the measure four (n = 87) or twelve (n = 98) weeks after the first administration. Temporal reliability was also compared to the South Oaks Gambling Screen (Lesieur
and Blume in Am J Psychiatry 144: 1184–1188, 1987), which was also administered at both time points. Internal consistency measures were good to excellent, even when potential
non-gamblers were excluded from the analyses. Temporal stability was also very good, with the possible exception of the consequence
of “escape” at 12 weeks. The Gambling Functional Assessment—Revised represents a potentially useful tool for researchers and
therapists interested in why respondents are gambling. 相似文献
43.
D. James Greiner Kevin M. Quinn 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society)》2009,172(1):67-81
Summary. Despite its potential pitfalls, ecological inference is an unavoidable part of some quantitative settings, including US voting rights litigation. In such applications, the analyst will typically encounter two-way tables with more than two rows and columns. Although several ecological inference methods are currently available for 2×2 tables, there are fewer options for analysing general R × C tables, and virtually none that model counts as opposed to fractions. We propose a count R × C method that respects the bounds deterministically, that allows for complex relationships between internal cell quantities, that is easily extensible and that results from transparent assumptions. We study the method via simulation, and then apply it to an example that is drawn from the state of Texas relevant to recent redistricting litigation there. 相似文献
44.
Kevin J. A. Thomas 《Demography》2009,46(3):513-534
In this study, I examine disparities in schooling progress among children born to immigrant and U.S.-born blacks. I find that
in one- and two-parent families, children born to black immigrants are less likely to fall behind in school than those born
to U.S.-born blacks. In two-parent immigrant families, children born to two immigrant parents have a significant schooling
advantage over children born to one immigrant parent. While children born to two immigrant parents in the wealthiest black
immigrant families do better in the second generation than in the first, the reverse is observed among children in less wealthy
families. These findings contribute in two ways to our understanding of the assimilation processes of children born to black
immigrant parents. First, they show that there is a positive association between the number of immigrant parents in a family
and children’s schooling performance. Second, they suggest that disparities in the assimilation patterns of the children of
black immigrants are a likely product of the interaction between their parental characteristics and the socioeconomic circumstances
of their families. 相似文献
45.
Robert D. Crutchfield Martie L. Skinner Kevin P. Haggerty Anne McGlynn Richard F. Catalano 《Race and social problems》2009,1(4):218-230
Criminologists have long reported the existence of racial disparity in the criminal justice system, but the important question
is why. While some argue that observed differences are a consequence of more criminal behavior among minorities, the weight
of the evidence indicates that this is but a partial explanation. In this paper, we study data from a sample of juveniles
to examine how racial differences in early police contact, and important social environments—family, school, and neighborhoods—affect
later contact and arrests, controlling for self-reported delinquency. We find that early (in middle school) contact with police
is an important predictor of later (high school) arrests. Also we found that, in addition to being male and living in a low-income
family, children who have parents who have a history of arrest, who have experienced school disciplinary actions, who have
delinquent peers, and who are in networks with deviant adults are more likely to have problems with law enforcement. These
factors help to explain racial differences in police contacts and arrests. 相似文献
46.
AbstractIn this article we develop the notion of the technology-media-movements complex (TMMC) as a field-definition statement for ongoing inquiry into the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in social and political movements. We consider the definitions and boundaries of the TMMC, arguing particularly for a historically rooted conception of technological development that allows better integration of the different intellectual traditions that are currently focused on the same set of empirical phenomena. We then delineate two recurrent debates in the literature highlighting their contributions to emerging knowledge. The first debate concerns the divide between scholars who privilege media technologies, and see them as driving forces of movement dynamics, and those who privilege media practices over affordances. The second debate broadly opposes theorists who believe in the emancipatory potential of ICTs and those who highlight the ways they are used to repress social movements and grassroots mobilization. By mapping positions in these debates to the TMMC we identify and provide direction to three broad research areas which demand further consideration: (i) questions of power and agency in social movements; (ii) the relationships between, on the one hand, social movements and technology and media as politics (i.e. cyberpolitics and technopolitics), and on the other, the quotidian and ubiquitous use of digital tools in a digital age; and (iii) the significance of digital divides that cut across and beyond social movements, particularly in the way such divisions may overlay existing power relations in movements. In conclusion, we delineate six challenges for profitable further research on the TMMC. 相似文献
47.
Elizabeth J. Greeno Laura Ting Ed Pecukonis Mary Hodorowicz Kevin Wade 《Social Work Education》2017,36(7):794-808
Motivational interviewing (MI), an evidence-based approach with empathy as a key principle, effectively addresses client concerns found in the child welfare population. Training social workers in MI, and to be empathic, would increase the likelihood of better service delivery. Live supervision (LS) is a form of training that provides real-time feedback by clinical supervisors. This randomized comparison trial compared the effectiveness of LS or Teaching as Usual (TAU) on empathy in 54 MSW and BSW social work students. TAU involved students receiving online modules and assigned readings. Data were collected at baseline, after the interventions, and at five months follow-up. Differences in perceived empathy and empathic behaviors were measured by the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) and Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ). The study also assessed whether demographic variables or perceived empathy (TEQ) predicted empathic behaviors (MITI). Results indicate that, while both groups improved on empathy as measured by the MITI and TEQ, the LS group demonstrated more improvement. Demographic variables had no impact on empathy. The TEQ and MITI also did not demonstrate predictability suggesting the complexity of measuring empathy. The implications for social work education and future training are discussed. 相似文献
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