基于社会契约理论的动物伦理——对努斯帕姆的回应

在《正义的前沿》一书中,玛莎.努斯帕姆认为,社会契约理论无法容纳针对动物的政治义务,因为社会契约理论要求各缔约方需要具备大致等同的体能和精神条件。但是她对社会契约传统的阐释并不令人信服。社会契约理论只要求缔约方具有同等的自由、应当受到同等的道德考量。社会契约理论之所以优于努斯帕姆提出的能力方法（capabilities approach）在于,社会契约理论将针对动物的正义共同体的范围限定在我们能够认可的正义主体、以及与我们拥有政治关系的范围之内。     

Stigma Management Through Participation in Sport and Physical Activity: Experiences of Male College Students with Physical Disabilities

Individuals with physical disabilities are oftenstigmatized because their bodies are assumed to varyfrom norms of physical competence and bodily appearance.Possession of a discrediting attribute may impair social interactions and result in thedevaluation of an individual. The purpose of this paperis to explore how involvement in sport and physicalactivity may be one strategy to manage the stigma of a disabled body. Data were collected throughin-depth interviews with 24 male college students withphysical disabilities. Findings indicate thatrespondents believe this context helps them exceedexpectations associated with their disability throughdemonstration of physical skill, a fit healthy body, amuscular body, and a liberated body. Sport and physicalactivity may be effective in compensating for a spoiled identity as participation in this setting isunexpected and emphasizes an alternative representationof a disabled body.     

Outpatient Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents Engaged in Deliberate Self-Harm: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations

The current review examines conceptual and methodological issues related to the use of dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents (DBT-A) in treating youth who engage in deliberate self-harm. A comprehensive review of the literature identified six studies appropriate for the review. Results indicated several inconsistencies and limitations across studies including the mixing of various forms of self-harm; variations in diagnostic inclusion/exclusion criteria, insufficient use of standardized self-harm outcome measures, variable lengths and intensity of provided treatment, and inadequate attention paid to DBT adherence. Each of these areas is reviewed along with a discussion of ways to improve the quality of future research.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life , by Robert N. Bellah, Richard Madsen, William M. Sullivan, Ann Swidler, and Steven M. Tipton. New York: Harper & Row, 1985, 355 pages, $8.95 softcover.
The Good Society , by Robert N. Bellah, Richard Madsen, William M. Sullivan, Ann Swidler, and Steven M. Tipton. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991, 347 pages, $25.00 hardcover.
Acts of Compassion: Caring for Others and Helping Ourselves , by Robert Wuthnow, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991, $25.00 hardcover
The Consequences of Modernity , by Anthony Giddens. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990, 186 pages, $9.95 softcover, $29.50 hardcover.
A Future for the American Economy: The Social Market , by Severyn T. Bruyn. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1991, 362 pages, $60.00 hardback.
Work in the Fast Lane: Flexibility, Division of Labor, and Inequality in High-Tech Industries , by Glenna Colclough and Charles M. Tolbert II. Ithaca, NY: State University of New York Press, 1992, 157 pages, $16.95, paper.
Rethinking Social Policy: Race, Poverty and the Underclass , by Christopher Jencks. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992,280 pages, $27.95 hardback.
They Call Her Pastor: A New Role for Catholic Women , by Ruth A. Wallace. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992, 204 pages, $44.50 (est.) hardback, $14.95 (est.) paper.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Ethnomethodology and the Human Sciences. Graham Button (ed.). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Text in Context: Contributions to Ethnomethodology. Graham Watson and Robert M. Seiler (eds.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1992. Shooting Dope: Career Patterns of Hard-Core Heroin Users, by Charles E. Faupel. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1991, 220 pages, $27.95, hardcover. Capitalist Development and Democracy, by Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Huber Stephens, and John D. Stephens. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992, 387 pages, $45.00, hardback, $19.95, paper. What Does the Lord Require? How American Christians Think about Economic Justice, by Stephen Hart. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992, 251 pages, $24.95, hardback. Understanding Everyday Racism: An Interdisciplinary Theory, by Philomena Essed. Newberry Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1991, 322 pages, $44.00, cloth. The Search for Rational Drug Control, by Franklin E. Zimring and Gordon Hawkins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, 219 pages, $24.95, hardback. Micropolitics of Knowledge: Communication and Indirect Control in Workgroups, by Emmanuel Lazega. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1992, 149 pages, $37.95, hardback, $16.95, paperback. Studying Collective Action, Sage Modern Politics Series Volume 30, sponsored by the European Consortium for Political Research/ECPR, edited by Mario Diani and Ron Eyerman. London: Sage, 1992, 263 pages, $60.00, hardback.     

The Impact of Religious Homogeneity on the Rate of Divorce in the United States

This study extends the understanding of the relationship between religious homogeneity, that is, the extent to which formal religious groups are concentrated at the county level, and the rate of persons currently divorced in those counties. Linking the research question to Durkheimian precepts of religion as an integrative force in social life, the essential question is, “At the county level, does the rate of currently divorced vary inversely with more concentrated affiliation with formal religious organizations?” We investigate this relationship using data from the 1990 U.S. Census and from the Glenmary Research Center that encompasses 621 counties in the U.S., that is, a 20 percent random sample of counties from each state. As hypothesized, the divorced rate is inversely related to religious homogeneity, even after controlling for a series of factors that have been shown to be correlated with divorce in other studies.     

MEASURING THE NOMINAL VALUE OF FINANCIAL SERVICES IN THE NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTS

The recent growth in the U. S. financial service sector has resurrected the controversy over the treatment of financial services in the national income accounts. The main points of contention are the treatment of interest payments and the valuation of "free" financial services provided by banks. To examine different treatments of financial services, we employ a financial firm model that links financial service prices to the user cost of money. We show that our approach subsumes both the Department of Commerce and the U. N. Statistical Office approaches and thereby provides a heretofore absent economic foundation for their methods.