Gender-Based Occupational Segregation and Sex Differences in Sensory,Motor, and Spatial Aptitudes

Research on sex differences in humans documents gender differences in sensory, motor, and spatial aptitudes. These aptitudes, as captured by Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) codes, predict the occupational choices of men and women in the directions indicated by this research. We simulate that eliminating selection on these skills reduces the Duncan index of gender-based occupational segregation by 20 % to 23 % in 1970 and 2012, respectively. Eliminating selection on DOT variables capturing other accounts of this segregation has a smaller impact.     

Governmentalities of Volunteering: A Study of Regional Western Australia

The aim of this article is to investigate the governmentalities of volunteering in regional Western Australia. Drawing on interviews with 25 consenting volunteers and their managers, a thematic analysis revealed the experiences and perceptions of the research participants. Two distinct governmentalities exist: one reflecting neo-liberal governmentality and the other reflective of classic liberalism. Whilst this study is limited to regional Western Australia, the results suggest that there are variations in ‘governmentalities’ of volunteering comprising a mix of sometimes contradictory elements. This article also demonstrates the usefulness of governmentality for expanding the understanding of volunteering that has the potential to illuminate vital elements of the volunteer sector, which are being missed. There are many niches where volunteer groups exist or are emerging that are not visible and out of reach of the control techniques commonly used by governments adopting advanced (neo) liberal governmentalities.     

Behavior genetic modeling of human fertility: findings from a contemporary danish twin study

Behavior genetic designs and analysis can be used to address issues of central importance to demography. We use this methodology to document genetic influence on human fertility. Our data come from Danish twin pairs born from 1953 to 1959, measured on age at first attempt to get pregnant (FirstTry) and number of children (NumCh). Behavior genetic models were fitted using structural equation modeling and DF analysis. A consistent medium-level additive genetic influence was found for NumCh, equal across genders; a stronger genetic influence was identified for FirstTry, greater for females than for males. A bivariate analysis indicated significant shared genetic variance between NumCh and FirstTry.     

A Review of Multicomponent Interventions to Prevent and Control Tobacco Use Among College Students

Abstract

Objective: Multicomponent tobacco control programs have been implemented at the state and community levels and have led to a reduction in tobacco use. The purpose was to review the public health research literature on tobacco prevention and control programs on college campuses and derive evidence-based implications for comprehensive program implementation. Methods: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ERIC, and PubMed databases were used to search the research literature concerning tobacco prevention and control programs conducted on college campuses published between 2000 and 2009. Results: No studies were found that implemented all 5 recommended components of a comprehensive program. Tobacco control programs containing policy and prevention education were used the most and promotion of tobacco-free environments and banning sales of tobacco products were used the least. Conclusion: The review suggests that despite the recommendation of comprehensive tobacco control programs to reduce tobacco use on college campuses, few institutions have implemented and evaluated programs consisting of multiple components.     

Design and analysis of a fractional 413125 split-plot experiment

SUMMARY This paper is a case study on two aspects of constructing mixed factorial experiments: (1) three equally sized fractions of a 2p+ 2 design are combined under a three level factor, yielding a 312p+ 2 experiment; (2) two carefully selected factors from a 2p+ 2 design are combined to obtain a 412p design. We consider both aspects for the design of a 1/8 fraction of a 413125 experiment (48 observations) to investigate a DNA amplification technique. The experiment is of the split-plot type, because the main effects of two factors had to be confounded with runs of a piece of equipment (whole-plots), while the other factors were varied between vials (subplots) contained within the equipment. We confounded an additional effect to avoid the usual difficulty in evaluating the whole-plot effects in unreplicated experiments. Both whole-plot and subplot effects can then be evaluated with half-normal plots. The analysis is illustrated with the results of the experiment.     

Children's perceptions of their disabled siblings: ‘she's different but it's normal for us’

This paper reports on a two‐year study exploring children's understandings of disability. It focuses on findings from interviews conducted with 24 children, aged 6 to 19, who had disabled siblings, exploring their perceptions of impairment, disability and difference. Most were very aware of their sibling's impairment but the majority did not see that as making their siblings different. Where difference was perceived, this was sometimes attributed to their siblings' experience of disability—unequal treatment and the hostile attitudes of others. Most children saw their disabled sibling as holding various identities and their shared biographies, as members of the same family, may have taken precedence over any perceived differences.     

Au Chili,l'emploi progresse en nombre,non en qualité: tout dépend du contrat

Depuis 1990, les autorités chiliennes s'en remettent à la croissance économique pour créer des emplois, élever les salaires et améliorer les conditions de travail. Les résultats sont contrastés: la qualité de l'emploi n'a pas suivi les progrès quantitatifs en nombre d'emplois et en niveau de salaires. Opposant un cadre réglementaire formellement rigide à la réalité d'un marché du travail flexible, les auteurs soulignent l'importance des conditions d'emploi dans l'évaluation du marché du travail. L'examen des effets des caractéristiques des emplois et des travailleurs sur l'emploi et les revenus montre que leur premier déterminant est la détention d'un contrat de durée indéterminée.