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91.
Wolfgang Polasek Klaus Ptzelberger 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》1994,40(2-3):295-311
A robust Bayesian analysis in a conjugate normal framework for the simple ANOVA model is suggested. By fixing the prior mean and varying the prior covariance matrix over a restricted class, we obtain the so-called HiFi and core region, a union and intersection of HPD regions. Based on these robust HPD regions we develop the concept of a ‘robust Bayesian judgement’ procedure. We apply this approach to the simple analysis of variance model with orthogonal designs. The example analyses the costs of an asthma medication obtained by a two-way cross-over study. 相似文献
92.
Suitability of physical activity questionnaires for older adults in fall-prevention trials: a systematic review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jørstad-Stein EC Hauer K Becker C Bonnefoy M Nakash RA Skelton DA Lamb SE 《Journal of aging and physical activity》2005,13(4):461-481
The purpose of the study was to identify physical activity questionnaires for older adults that might be suitable outcome measures in clinical trials of fall-injury-prevention intervention and to undertake a systematic quality assessment of their measurement properties. PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were systematically searched to identify measurements and articles reporting the methodological quality of relevant measures. Quality extraction relating to content, population, reliability, validity, responsiveness, acceptability, practicality, and feasibility was undertaken. Twelve outcome measures met the inclusion criteria. There is limited evidence about the measures' properties. None of the measures is entirely satisfactory for use in a large-scale trial at present. There is a need to develop suitable measures. The Stanford 7-day Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire and the Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire might be appropriate for further development. The results have implications for the designs of large-scale trials investigating many different geriatric syndromes. 相似文献
93.
The facial behavior during a marble rolling game was analyzed for two samples of children between the ages of 2 and 5 years using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). In addition, for a subsample of children temperament ratings were available. Analysis of coding reliability showed that frequency as well as temporal location coding can be reliably performed for preschoolers. The facial movements show a frequency distribution which is highly similar in both samples. Movements of the mouth, especially the components of smiling, and some movements of the eye region, were observed frequently. Most other facial movements were infrequent events. The more often shown facial movements were stable over a period up to 18 months. In addition, sum-scores of emotion-relevant Action Units were meaningfully related to infant temperament characteristics. 相似文献
94.
95.
We consider one-to-one, one-sided matching (roommate) problems in which agents can either be matched as pairs or remain single.
We introduce a so-called bi-choice graph for each pair of stable matchings and characterize its structure. Exploiting this
structure we obtain as a corollary the “lone wolf” theorem and a decomposability result. The latter result together with transitivity
of blocking leads to an elementary proof of the so-called stable median matching theorem, showing how the often incompatible
concepts of stability (represented by the political economist Adam Smith) and fairness (represented by the political philosopher
John Rawls) can be reconciled for roommate problems. Finally, we extend our results to two-sided matching problems. 相似文献
96.
Dipl.-theol. Klaus Eidenschink 《Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching》2006,13(2):153-164
Solution-orientated coaching. The nonsense of an one-sides focus The Author discusses the disadvantages of the solution-orientation approach in coaching. With respect to some prejudices in theories of psychology, the dangers of an one-sided solutionorientation are analyzed. Without an understanding of intrapsychic conflicts, solution-orientated interventions may reinfore dysfunctional coping mechanisms in the client. The unconscious attractiveness of these intervention techniques for people with bonding disorders is shown. In a case example, the difference between needs and avoidance as an alternative approach is discussed. 相似文献
97.
Currently, companies spend a great deal of effort on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosures. CSR disclosure relates to the provision of information on companies’ environmental and social performance. From an economic perspective, companies might disclose this information to avoid or decrease potential political costs. We construct a CSR disclosure index based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines. Using content analysis, we analyze 130 listed German companies’ CSR disclosures (470 firm-year observations) to investigate the determinants of these voluntary disclosure activities. Our results show that, consistent with the political cost theory, German companies’ disclosures of all CSR issues are affected by their visibility, shareholder structure, and relationship with their US stakeholders. In addition, higher profitability is associated with more environmental disclosures. Finally, size and industry membership affect the amount of CSR disclosure. 相似文献
98.
Dr. Klaus Schenck 《Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching》2010,17(3):255-268
Metaphors are bridges between verbal expression and nonverbal imagination. Hence, they are of central importance for consulting contexts: to appropriately instruct the perceptive and mindful consultant, qua verbal and body language, about the inner experience, the “psychescape”, of the client. And, mediated by the same means vice versa, to enable interventions that support the client’s inner work towards reaching more desired states. This way, consulting is more than a mere “language game”. The paper offers multiple entry points to the interaction between left brain and right brain, cortex and limbic system, and opens a rich treasure and tool-box for consulting situations. 相似文献
99.
Gudrun Quenzel Klaus Hurrelmann 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2010,62(1):61-91
In this paper, we seek to identify factors that account for the declining school performance of boys and young men. After reviewing and analysing the international literature on gender and education, we integrate various explanatory approaches into a model that is rooted in the theory of socialisation. The model focuses on the developmental tasks which young men face during adolescence. Our central thesis is that the declining school performance of young men cannot be fully explained by their failure to cope with educational challenges, i.e., their problems with respect to the developmental task “qualification”. Rather, a comprehensive explanation requires the incorporation of three other central developmental tasks, “social attachments”, “regeneration”, and “participation”. In the last decades, it has become easier for young women to cope with these tasks than it is for young men. Thus a rare sociological incident has occurred: the reversal of centuries-old pattern of social stratification. Nowadays, young women and not young men acquire the privileged certificates offered by the educational system, and it is them who gain the more promising career prospects. Our thesis can be supported with data from a broad range of international studies. The crucial implication is that supporting young men at school will show only limited results. Rather, to improve the school performance of young men, it is also necessary to address their deficits in coping with the other aforementioned developmental tasks, all of which point to challenges that young people are expected to master in today's individualised, achievement-oriented society. 相似文献
100.
Outward FDI strategies are driven by firms' resource endowments, which in turn are conditioned by their home environment. In emerging economies, thus, the pattern of outward FDI is shaped by local firms' idiosyncratic contexts and the resources that these firms developed to fit the contexts. This includes business groups, a dominant organizational form in many emerging economies, competing with context-bound resources. When they wish to transcend their home context, they need internationally valuable resources, especially managerial resources, which may be quite different than the resources that enable domestic growth. This paper thus explores what resources drive this international growth in the case of Taiwanese business groups. Starting from Penrosian Theory, we focus on managerial resources that are shared across the member firms of a group, and thus shape the profile of the group. We find that international work experience favors internationalization while international education does not. Moreover, domestic institutional resources distract from internationalization, presumably because they are not transferable into other institutional contexts, and thus favor other types of growth. 相似文献