All-Units Discounts for Standard Container Sizes

Some vendors offer their products to a purchaser in various container sizes. Normally, vendors will offer larger all-units discounts on larger container sizes. Two algorithms have been developed in this paper to solve for the optimal number of each container size and the order quantity for the deterministic economic order quantity (EOQ) situation. The first algorithm, based in part on the dynamic programming solution to knapsack problems, solves the general case. The second algorithm, based in part on the dominance relations inherent in the pricing schedule, solves the more restricted case in which the purchaser is forced to accept the discount in the following manner. An order must be filled with containers of successively smaller sizes, beginning with the largest size. The purchaser is forced to accept the largest discount first, then the next largest, and so on.     

Shedding light on thirteen years of darkness: content analysis of articles pertaining to transgender issues in marriage/couple and family therapy journals

What is the extent to which marriage/couple and family therapy (M/CFT) journals address transgender issues and how many of them say they are inclusive of transgender persons when they are not? To answer these queries, a content analysis was conducted on articles published in M/CFT literature from 1997 through 2009. Of the 10,739 articles examined in 17 journals, only nine (0.0008%) focused on transgender issues or used gender variance as a variable. Findings support the assertion that transgender issues are ignored and marginalized by M/CFT scholars and researchers alike.     

Global myopia: globalization theory in International Business

This paper critically evaluates some shortcomings in the handling of the globalization concept in International Business (IB). In particular, the paper identifies disciplinary isolation (and its consequences) and lack of a general, theoretically satisfying, definition for the concept as key culprits driving the often myopic views of globalization in IB. Some remedies are proposed, and a general definition of globalization is offered in the hope of stimulating a wider discussion.     

Convergent validity of personal space measures: Consistent results with low intercorrelations

Low correlations among personal space measures have been used as evidence against their convergent validity. This argument is analyzed and found limited to personality trait assumptions. Convergent validity more generally concerns whether findings from one measure generalize to other measures. In the present study 91 subjects completed three measures (a disguised interaction distance, figure placement distances, and the Comfortable Interpersonal Distance Scale) under different conditions of subject sex, sex of the other person, and acquaintance with the other person. The three measures showed an average intercorrelation ofr = .034, but consistent significant effects of acquaintance. These findings demonstrate that convergence of findings may be obtained even when measures are not highly correlated. The search for convergent validity should concentrate on the generalizability of findings rather than correlations among measures.     

Innovations in Teaching Styles and Approaches Based upon Adult Learning

Two programs of social work education are discussed for their usefulness in this country. One is designed for students lacking the prerequisite credentials for admission. It includes both a means for the assessment of gaps and the means to repair those gaps. The second is designed for women lacking conventional time availability due to child-rearing responsibilities. Together these add two needed dimensions in considering the design of educational continua in social work.     

The Constitution and Slavery: A Special Relationship

In their efforts to understand how antebellum American abolitionists interpreted the relationship between slavery and the United States Constitution, scholars have underestimated abolitionists' concern with the question ‘Is the Constitution a pro-slavery document?’ Drawing on abolitionist newspapers, periodicals and correspondence, this article shows that the anti-slavery constitutional theories of the 1830s did not presume slavery to be unconstitutional, nor did they assume that the Constitution was pro-slavery, and therefore irrelevant to the abolitionist cause. These constitutional interpretive subtleties laid the foundations for the more prominent and radical theories that came in the following decade from the pens of Wendell Phillips and Lysander Spooner.