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11.
Differences and similarities in monetary benefits for informal care in old and new EU member states
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This article presents an overview of the monetary benefits available in the context of long‐term care provided by family or other informal carers in 11 old and 10 new EU member states. All but one country in our sample offer at least some monetary benefits that can be used to help finance informal care. Old EU member states tend to direct benefits to individuals in need of care, whereas new EU member states place more emphasis on benefits for carers. Among new EU member states, monetary benefits are less often means‐tested and tend to be lower compared with benefits in old EU member states. Because social policies in many countries increasingly rely on monetary benefits rather than on benefits in kind and because the share of informal care in the overall provision of elderly care will scarcely decline, monetary benefit incentives for labour market participation need to be carefully monitored. 相似文献
12.
This paper analyses the optimal level of materials receiving capacity for a manufacturer that receives deliveries from many suppliers. Inventory levels and inventory carrying costs depend on the frequency of deliveries and thus, on the materials receiving capacity. An analytic model that captures the tradeoff between inventory costs and materials receiving costs is presented and discussed. The receiving cost is modeled as increasing in discrete jumps of varying sizes whenever materials receiving resources are added. Practical issues in implementing the model are highlighted and methods to reduce the marginal materials receiving cost are discussed. The paper also discusses connections to the JIT approach for production environments where materials receiving is heavily automated. 相似文献
13.
The relative standings of four ethnic groups - Muslim Palestinians, Christian Palestinians, Asian-African Jews, European Jews -were compared, using mobility data from 1974 and 1991. The findings show that despite the lack of government support and the prevalence of inexorable discrimination against Israeli Palestinians, they have narrowed the gap with Asian-African Jews in both education and occupational prestige. This finding demonstrates that ideological and political hegemony is not always effective in improving the socio-economic standing of preferred minorities (Asian-African Jews), and that social and economic structures may counterbalance the anti-Palestinian nationalist ideology. The analysis suggests that residential and educational segregation of Palestinians protects them from direct competition with European Jews, whereas Asian-African Jews have to compete with this dominant group in schools, as well as in the labour market. 相似文献
14.
Many franchise-based retail outlets offer both the franchisor-owned brand and brands of competitors or independent suppliers. As salespeople may influence customers’ brand choices considerably, an important concern for franchisors is how to raise salespeople’s selling preferences for the franchisor-owned brand. However, the channel administration literature suggests that salespeople may not automatically favor the franchisor’s brand over other brand lines. While a large body of research examines franchise–channel relationships, previous investigations have conspicuously overlooked this channel conflict. In proposing a conceptual model grounded in the behavioral sciences, this study analyzes how franchisors can induce salespeople to advocate their brand by fostering the intention to promote the franchisor-owned brand (IFOB) in customer interaction. The results of an empirical field study show that individual brand promotion depends on factors such as salespeople’s identification with the franchisor and their tenure with the organization, as well as on the franchisor’s prestige and administration of the franchise. Moreover, we find that franchisees’ IFOB transfers to salespeople, but only if franchisees display a charismatic leadership style. We discuss these findings in light of extant theory and empirical evidence and derive several managerially relevant implications for the administration of franchised retail channels. 相似文献
15.
This paper investigates the factors influencing the disposition of cases in juvenile courts. The factors considered are the prior record of the offender, the nature of the offense, the recommendation of the probation officer, and the age of the offender. These four factors are essential components of the juvenile justice system and as such are perceived to be crucial for the understanding of the court's decision. A multivariate analysis of the data is undertaken using the method of log-linear analysis for hierarchical models. In contrast to other studies that have utilized the same method but with fewer variables, the model arrived at in the paper seems to be more accurate and suggests that while the offense and the prior criminal record are quite important factors, their influence on the disposition of cases is greatly bound by the age of the offender and the recommendation of the probation officer. 相似文献
16.
Entrepreneurial orientation in vertical alliances: joint product innovation and learning from allies 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Ricarda B. Bouncken Boris D. Plüschke Robin Pesch Sascha Kraus 《Review of Managerial Science》2016,10(2):381-409
This paper clarifies how a firm’s entrepreneurial orientation (EO) affects joint product innovation within a vertical alliance and how this is influenced by increasing technological uncertainty and the absorption of knowledge from the alliance partners. The results of a structural equation model with latent interactions on 171 firms in the manufacturing industry indicate that the focal firm’s EO increases joint innovation, although this positive effect declines when a high level of uncertainty increases. On the other hand, the ability to absorb partners’ knowledge increases joint product innovation. As such, this study’s results contribute to research in the field of vertical alliances, EO, and the theoretical foundation of a dynamic capability perspective. 相似文献
17.
Do peer influences have the same effect on religious and nonreligious youth, or does religiosity reduce the effect of peers on delinquency? Using data from the National Youth Survey, we examined the interaction of religiosity and peer influences on marijuana use, alcohol use, hitting, and property offenses. The results suggest that, for marijuana use and alcohol use, three measures of peer influence—peer attitudes, behaviors, and pressure—have weaker effects on religious adolescents. Thus, even when religious youth are exposed to peers who encourage substance use, religiosity may serve as a protective factor that reduces the effect of peers. In contrast, religiosity does not seem to condition the effect of peers on hitting and property offenses. 相似文献
18.
Innovation in family firms: an empirical analysis linking organizational and managerial innovation to corporate success 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Family firms play a significant role in national economies worldwide, accounting e.g. for 85% of all enterprises in the OECD
countries as well as for the majority of companies in Central Europe. Previous scholarly research on family firms has mostly
focused on the question of how they differ from public corporations, describing family firms as being more conservative, less
risk-raking, or reluctant to grow—in sum, as being less entrepreneurial than their non-family counterparts. Similarly, the
existing literature often criticizes the lack of innovation in family firms. But since innovation has long been discovered
as one of the key drivers to company success, it is surprising that its role in family firms has been mostly neglected in
existing academic research so far. The aim of this article is therefore to study the role of (managerial and organizational)
innovation in family firms compared to non-family firms on the basis of an empirical survey of 533 companies from Finland,
using structural equation modelling (MPlus) for the statistical analyses. 相似文献
19.
Entrepreneurial orientation and the business performance of SMEs: a quantitative study from the Netherlands 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Sascha Kraus J. P. Coen Rigtering Mathew Hughes Vincent Hosman 《Review of Managerial Science》2012,6(2):161-182
Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) is often mentioned as an antecedent of growth, competitive advantage and superior performance,
and prior empirical research has often shown a positive relationship between EO and performance appears to exist. However,
an important question that remains unanswered is what effect EO might have on firm performance during periods of economic
crisis, and the severe environmental turbulence that accompany such crises. This research is a first investigation towards
the effects of EO on the performance of small and medium sized firms during the current global economic crisis. In this study
we use the multidimensional model of EO and test a series of hypotheses pertaining to its performance effects using survey
data gathered from 164 Dutch SMEs. The present research shows that proactive firm behavior positively contributes to SME performance
during the economic crisis. We further show that innovative SMEs do perform better in turbulent environments, but those innovative
SMEs should minimize the level of risk and should take action to avoid projects that are too risky. 相似文献
20.
Catherine H. Stein Erica Hoffmann Erin E. Bonar Jaclyn E. Leith Kristen M. Abraham Alexis C. Hamill Shane W. Kraus Shinakee Gumber Wendy R. Fogo 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2013,34(2):200-210
Using a sample of 222 young adults attending college, the present study examined the relative contribution of young adults’ perceived economic pressures, financial coping and religious meaning-making coping strategies in accounting for variation in their reports of psychological well-being within the context of the United States economic crisis. Results suggest a direct relationship between perceived economic pressure and psychological well-being such that young adults who reported having to make more economic adjustments as a result of economic crisis also reported higher levels of depressed mood and anxiety. Young men and women who reported having to make fewer economic adjustments and being able to meet their material needs reported higher levels of life satisfaction. Regardless of young adults’ self-reported level of economic pressures, the use of education and communication financial coping strategies was related to lower levels of self-reported anxiety and depressed mood and greater life satisfaction. Viewing the financial crisis as a punishment from God was generally associated with young adults’ reports of greater depressed mood and less life satisfaction. Implication of findings for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献