从社会史到区域社会史——20年学术经历之检讨

文章回顾了二十多年来山西大学中国社会史研究中心从社会史到区域社会史、从中国近代人口史到集体化时代农村社会，从书斋和图书馆走向田野与社会的学术研究历程。     

《修行道地经》卷一校勘记

《修行道地经》是晋代竺法护翻译的小乘教佛经，现存版本众多，校勘工作应当予以重视，本文从《大正新修大藏经》所收《修行道地经》第一卷中选取七例对照校勘，力图呈现其原貌。     

求解SEM极点的Kuhn法

在研究瞬变电磁场的奇点展开法中,散射物体的自然频率(极点)是一个非常重要的参数。以往人们都用迭代法或围线和分法计算物体的自然频率。本文采用Kuhn法,在不需任何初值假设的情况下,用不多的计算时间求出了精度很好的细线导体的极点。     

Migration differentials by education and occupation: Trends and variations

The effects of education on current migration propensities in the United States are examined for each age group, and an estimate is made of how these age-specific differentials cumulate over a lifetime in determining the number of times that individuals at different educational levels can expect to move over the course of their lives. The independent effects of age, education, and occupation are also examined. Two other sections investigate trends in educational selectivity of migration in the United States and international comparisons of occupational differences in migration.     

Income taxation and the allocation of market labor

The allocation of work effort within the market economy will be unaffected by taxation if all returns from labor market activity are taxed equally. However, if the earnings from certain types of market employment are taxed at relatively lower rates, labor will shift into these areas until after-tax earnings are equal across all types of employment. This paper presents evidence suggesting that income taxation induces labor to move from high- to low-tax geographic areas and from wage and salaried jobs into self-employment activities. By affecting the allocation of market labor, the income tax generates a welfare loss in addition to that resulting from the tax’s effect on total work effort.     

The influence of mumber and ages of children on residential mobility

Married couples without children are more geographically mobile than those with children, at least through age 45. Among husband-wife couples with children, ages of children exercises a consistent mobility differential; when age of family head is controlled for, families with children under 6 years old only are the most mobile both within and between counties, followed by those with children under 6 and 6–17 years old, and followed in turn by families with children 6–17 years old only. The relationship between number of children and the probability of moving within counties has a reverse J-shape for family heads at each age under 45; after age 45 the relationship assumes a more normal J shape. Number of children is inversely related to the probability of migrating (moving between counties) for husband-wife families in which the husband is under 35; after age 35 the relationship is erratic. The effect of ages of children generally holds for each size of family. Female family heads with children are generally more geographically mobile than male family heads (wife present) at the same age and with the same number and ages of children present.     

中小企业集群战略与西北区域经济发展

针对西北经济落后的现状,本文在讨论聚集经济各种优势的基础上,认为进行新的定向劳务输出是西部欠发达地区实施中小企业集群战略的重要措施。     

Fertility patterns among religious groups in Canada

The U shape that has been traced out by the crude birth rate in the United States and Canada is well known. Falling birth rates reached a low point in the mid-1930’s; the rate rose to a peak in 1947 and remained high through the 1950’s. In terms of cohorts, completed family size was smallest for women born around 1910, whose childbearing was concentrated in the 1930’s. With data from the 1961 census of Canada, trends in cohort marital fertility by religion are examined. The U pattern appears for both Protestants and Jews. For Catholics, a reversal in the downward trend of family size had not appeared by 1961, although the U pattern can be discerned for some subgroups such as Catholics living in big cities and persons of Irish ancestry. In the United States, however, changes in family size for all three religious groups and both whites and nonwhites follow the U pattern. Religious differentials in family size in Canada have been decreasing, but they remain much larger than either religious or color differentials in the United States, which show no decrease. The distinctive features of Catholic fertility in Canada are most pronounced among the regionallyconcentrated French Canadians, suggesting an interplay of religious, regional, and ethnic influences.     

Do these guys know why they're applauding?

Contained in Title IV, Section 6102, of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 are more than 21 pages of legislative language designed to require the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) to set all physicians' fees for services delivered under Part B of Medicare commencing January 1, 1992, and phased in over the following four years. In addition, balance billing dollar limits keyed to the regulated rates are set forth, as are "Volume Performance Rates of Increase," a reincarnation of a vehicle previously known as "Expenditure Targets."