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81.
82.
Michelle L. Munro-Kramer Alexandra C. Dulin Caroline Gaither 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2017,65(5):297-305
Objective: Sexual assault is a pervasive crime on our college campuses and many survivors do not seek post-assault resources. This study will explore components of alternative interventions to consider in the development of campus-based interventions for sexual assault survivors. Participants: Three stakeholder groups including survivors (n = 8), healthcare providers (n = 6), and advocates (n = 19) were recruited from May 2014 to December 2014 from two university campus communities using flyers and purposive sampling. Methods: A qualitative study design utilized semi-structured interviews and semi-structured focus groups with survivors, healthcare providers, and advocates. Results: Five themes emerged to consider for future campus-based sexual assault interventions: (a) culture of caring, (b) one-stop shop, (c) validation, (d) survivor control and agency, and (e) confidentiality. Conclusions: Although accessible and effective options for post-assault care do currently exist, participants described alternative future interventions that were either (a) print materials or (b) technology-based. 相似文献
83.
84.
Vicki Welch Michelle Collins Chris Hatton Eric Emerson Janet Robertson Emma Wells Susanne Langer 《Children & Society》2014,28(6):478-494
Researchers, health and social care workers often seek to understand the perspectives of children; but gathering views directly from children can present difficulties. Parents are often asked to provide accounts of children's feelings or opinions on the assumption that their proxy reports are accurate and unproblematic. This qualitative thematic analysis of open‐question responses from 352 parents and 73 disabled children examines their accounts of the impact of short break services on disabled children. Participants' perspectives differed; children tended to describe immediate outcomes such as enjoying activities and participation; parents acknowledged these, but focused on longer term developmental outcomes for children. 相似文献
85.
The conduct of a participatory research investigation into the everyday literacy of adults with intellectual disability within the context of a PhD thesis highlighted issues related to the ethics of participatory research and the need to revisit and reconsider ethical guidelines around working with individuals with intellectual disability. Tensions were identified between participatory research ideology and the reality of research experiences, with additional issues arising due to disability in the first author. 相似文献
86.
M-quantile models with application to poverty mapping 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nikos Tzavidis Nicola Salvati Monica Pratesi Ray Chambers 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2008,17(3):393-411
Over the last decade there has been growing demand for estimates of population characteristics at small area level. Unfortunately,
cost constraints in the design of sample surveys lead to small sample sizes within these areas and as a result direct estimation,
using only the survey data, is inappropriate since it yields estimates with unacceptable levels of precision. Small area models
are designed to tackle the small sample size problem. The most popular class of models for small area estimation is random
effects models that include random area effects to account for between area variations. However, such models also depend on
strong distributional assumptions, require a formal specification of the random part of the model and do not easily allow
for outlier robust inference. An alternative approach to small area estimation that is based on the use of M-quantile models
was recently proposed by Chambers and Tzavidis (Biometrika 93(2):255–268, 2006) and Tzavidis and Chambers (Robust prediction
of small area means and distributions. Working paper, 2007). Unlike traditional random effects models, M-quantile models do
not depend on strong distributional assumption and automatically provide outlier robust inference. In this paper we illustrate
for the first time how M-quantile models can be practically employed for deriving small area estimates of poverty and inequality.
The methodology we propose improves the traditional poverty mapping methods in the following ways: (a) it enables the estimation
of the distribution function of the study variable within the small area of interest both under an M-quantile and a random
effects model, (b) it provides analytical, instead of empirical, estimation of the mean squared error of the M-quantile small
area mean estimates and (c) it employs a robust to outliers estimation method. The methodology is applied to data from the
2002 Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS) in Albania for estimating (a) district level estimates of the incidence of
poverty in Albania, (b) district level inequality measures and (c) the distribution function of household per-capita consumption
expenditure in each district. Small area estimates of poverty and inequality show that the poorest Albanian districts are
in the mountainous regions (north and north east) with the wealthiest districts, which are also linked with high levels of
inequality, in the coastal (south west) and southern part of country. We discuss the practical advantages of our methodology
and note the consistency of our results with results from previous studies. We further demonstrate the usefulness of the M-quantile
estimation framework through design-based simulations based on two realistic survey data sets containing small area information
and show that the M-quantile approach may be preferable when the aim is to estimate the small area distribution function. 相似文献
87.
Amal Kanti Ray 《Social indicators research》2008,87(3):409-425
The economic reforms initiated in India in 1991 have brought about visible upliftment of economic conditions of the country.
This paper examines if the economic process is associated with an enhancement of India’s social development in equal measure
in the reform decade of nineties. Ray (1989) considered thirteen social indicators of India and constructed the country’s
social development index (SDI) as a certain weighted average of the selected indicators, for the years between 1950–51 and
1975–76. The present work broadly follows Ray (1989) in tracking the social development in the decade of economic reforms from 1990–91 to 1999–2000. The movement of SDI in nineties
has been compared with the movements of India’s per capita income and plan expenditure on the social sector. The results show
that though there has been growth in the social sector, it is not by far quite encouraging and perhaps more needs to be done
in the social sector.
The views expressed in the article are those of the author and not of the institution he serves. 相似文献
88.
89.
Substance use among older youth transitioning from foster care: Examining the protective effects of religious and spiritual capital
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Lionel D. Scott Jr. David R. Hodge Tony White Michelle R. Munson 《Child & Family Social Work》2018,23(3):399-407
Among older youth transitioning from the foster care system, this longitudinal study examined the association of religious and spiritual capital to substance use in the past year at age 19. Participants consisted of African American (N = 179) and White non‐Hispanic (N = 133) older youth in foster care. Drawing from social capital theory, it was posited that religious service attendance (a proxy for religious capital) and belief in a spiritual force (a proxy for spiritual capital) would be inversely associated with substance use. Multiple logistic regression results indicated support for the first and second hypothesis for White foster youth only. Among White foster youth, more frequent religious service attendance and greater belief in a spiritual force were associated with a lower likelihood of illegal substance and polysubstance use. No association between religious or spiritual capital and substance use was found among African American foster youth. The findings underscore the importance of conducting spiritual assessments to help ensure older foster youth who have strong religious or spiritual orientations are in environments where they are accommodated and supported. 相似文献
90.
Gillian Michelle Marilyn Jacqueline Melissa Peter Mary Cheryl Heather Teena 《Evaluation and program planning》2009,32(3):289-299
Currently, there are no psychometrically sound outcome measures by which to assess the impacts of research partnerships. This article describes the development of a 33-item, survey questionnaire measuring community members’ perceptions of the impact of research partnerships addressing health or social issues. The Community Impacts of Research Oriented Partnerships (CIROP) was developed using information from the literatures on health promotion, community development, research utilization, and community-based participatory research, and from focus groups involving 29 key informants. Data from 174 community members were used to determine the factor structure, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability of the four CIROP scales, and to provide evidence of construct validity. The CIROP informs research partnerships about the extent of their impact in the areas of Personal Knowledge Development, Personal Research Skill Development, Organizational/Group Access To and Use of Information, and Community and Organizational Development, allowing them to demonstrate accountability to funding bodies. As well, the CIROP can be used as a research tool to assess the effectiveness of knowledge sharing approaches, determine the most influential activities of research partnerships, and determine structural characteristics of partnerships associated with various types of impact. The CIROP provides a better understanding of community members’ perspectives and expectations of research partnerships, with important implications for knowledge transfer and uptake. 相似文献