Supplier Encroachment as an Enhancement or a Hindrance to Nonlinear Pricing

The objective of this study was to extend existing understanding of supplier encroachment to contexts in which there is information asymmetry and the supplier can use nonlinear pricing. Prior research has shown that supplier encroachment can mitigate double marginalization and thus benefit both the supplier and the reseller. However, under symmetric information, this benefit disappears if the supplier can use nonlinear pricing. In our model, the reseller observes the true market size while the supplier knows only the prior distribution, that is, a seemingly ideal setting for implementing mechanism design through nonlinear pricing. We first show that, because encroachment capability enables the supplier to make an ex post output decision, it fundamentally alters the structure of the optimal nonlinear pricing policy. In addition to the usual downward distortion effect, where the reseller may purchase less than the efficient quantity, we also have the possibility for upward distortion. Thus, under asymmetric information and nonlinear pricing, supplier encroachment has two opposing effects. On one hand, the ability to shift sales to the direct channel allows the supplier to reduce information rents with less sacrifice of efficiency; but on the other hand, by introducing the possibility of her own opportunistic behavior, it can result in upward distortion of the quantities sold through the reselling channel, which is a new source of inefficiency. Depending upon the relative efficiency of the reselling channel and the demand distribution, either of these two effects may dominate and the supplier's ability to encroach may either benefit or hurt both the supplier and the reseller.     

契丹世家大族的家庭教育——基于出土的辽代碑刻资料

辽朝契丹世家大族为了保护其政治地位与经济利益,有效地强化国家政权统治培养后备人才,十分重视家庭教育。基于教育研究视角,挖掘有限的文献资料,充分利用出土的碑刻资料,就辽代契丹世家大族重视家庭教育、家庭教育对象、家庭教育内容、家庭教育形式与教材、家庭教育的特点、作用与影响等问题进行深入探讨。契丹世家大族家庭教育的内容与一些方法有启示作用,但也存在调教不得法、偏爱、溺爱等现象,应该引以为戒。     

Broadening the scope: Gender and international economic development

The central claim of this essay is that gender is a key term for understanding economic development insofar as it reveals fundamental aspects in the organization of production and labor. Following a cursory review of influential approaches to development and their relationship to the parallel theorization of gender, I compare two recent modalities of industrial restructuring: the expansion of export-processing plants (maquiladoras) along the U.S.-Mexico border and the survival strategies of electronics firms in Southern California. My theoretical focus is on the specification of gender as a process that allows for the maintenance of a substratum of labor, predominantly female, outside of market exchanges. That labor is recurrently tapped by employers seeking competitive edges in domestic and international markets. The same mechanism enables the replication of patterns of unequal exchange through the articulation of two interdependent models of production — one domestic and one market oriented — by which capitalist accumulation is fulfilled.     

数字图书馆的建设

数字图书馆借助网络环境和高性能计算机等实现信息资源的有效利用和共享。读者可以在世界各地通过网络阅览数字图书馆中的丰富信息，可以最大限度地突破时空限制。文章介绍了数字图书馆的建设方案及其优势。     

关于灌输教育模式的有效性研究——基于进化博弈论分析

通过对灌输教育重要性、有效性及其论述视角多样化进行了简单回顾,本文从进化博弈论的角度构建有限理性的动态最优反应博弈模型,以分析灌输教育模式的内在机理和小群体博弈方之间动态博弈关系收敛于稳定均衡的条件,最后指出进行有效灌输教育的基本途径。     

王船山论"恶"的根源--以其孟子诠释中的罪情论为中心

船山哲学总体上主张尊气贬情 ,以气为善的根源 ,而以情为不善的根源。本文以船山读孟子说的文本分析来呈现其有关恶的根源的观点 ,即恶的根源不是气 ,不是欲 ,而是情。     

Principal Component Analysis on Human Development Indicators of China

In this study, we used the weightedprincipal component analysis to measure and analyzethe progress of human development inChinese provinces since 1990. The trends of thehuman development in the period of markettransition in several provincesof China were discussed in terms of the impact on public health as well aseconomic development. The associationof the main principal component obtained from our studyand the human development indexreported by the United Nations Development Programme was estimated by theSpearman's rank correlation coefficient.     

三大独断论的摒弃:当代哲学根本性的理论进展

20世纪以来哲学所取得的思想成果,在其对三大独断论的批判中得到了最为集中的体现。这三大独断论分别是“终极实在”的独断论、“非历史”的“终极状态”的独断论以及“历史脚本”的独断论。三大独断论在传统哲学漫长的历史中曾经扮演着重要的角色,给人们的思想和生活带来了重大后果。通过对三大独断论的消解,当代哲学实现了人的自我意识的又一次重大深化,意味着人逐渐走上了“成熟”之路。     

The protective function of meaning of life on life satisfaction among Chinese students in Australia and Hong Kong: a cross-cultural comparative study

OBJECTIVE: The authors compared the predictive effects of acculturative stressors and meaning of life on life satisfaction between Chinese students in Australia and in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS: In 2006, the researchers recruited 606 Chinese students studying abroad at the University of Melbourne in Australia and at 6 universities in Hong Kong. METHODS: Participants completed a questionnaire that included measures of acculturative stressors, meaning of life, life satisfaction, and demographic information. RESULTS: The Australian sample experienced a significantly higher level of acculturative stressors than did the Hong Kong sample, but life satisfaction did not differ significantly between the 2 samples. Meaning of life had a strong positive contribution and acculturative stressors had a negative contribution in predicting life satisfaction in both samples. Meaning of life partially mediated the relationship between acculturative stressors and life satisfaction in both samples. CONCLUSIONS: The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications for Chinese students studying abroad.