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951.
Michael T. Molla Jennifer H. Madans Diane K. Wagener 《Population and development review》2004,30(4):625-646
This study examines mortality differentials and health disparities between educational groups within the 1998 adult population (ages 25 and older) in the United States. Mortality differentials are measured using average life expectancy and health disparities by expected years without activity limitation. The results indicate that for both sexes, higher education is associated with higher life expectancy. Those with higher levels of education also have higher life expectancy without activity limitation. Adults with higher education can also expect to enjoy a greater percentage of their expected lives free of any form of activity limitation. At each level of education, adult females have a higher level of activity limitation compared to adult males. At the same level of education, adult females expect to enjoy smaller percentages of their remaining lives free of activity limitation compared to adult males of the same age. 相似文献
952.
In this study, seventy-four adolescents in either a school, community or hospital based drug intervention program received and eight to nine week structured fitness activity class as an integrated element of their respective prevention or treatment program. Prepost assessments indicated significant gains in the field fitness tests of one mile run, 1 minute situp, 1 minute pushup, percent fat and flexibility for the total sample. Based upon prepost change on the one mile run time (less than 1:00) subjects were categorized as improvers (n = 38) and non-improvers (n = 36). Improvers demonstrated a significant increase in the self concept risk factor (Piers Harris Self Concept Scale) and a significant decrease in anxiety and depression risk factors (General Well-Being Scale) compared to the non-improvers. At posttest, the improvers self reported substance use patterns were significantly lower compared to the non-improvers for percentage of the sample who were multiple drug users and alcohol uses per week and were significantly higher for the percentage of the sample demonstrating total abstinence. These findings are suggestive of the usefulness of physical training as a supplemental intervention for adolescent substance abusers. 相似文献
953.
The literature argues that income growth leads to increased demand for environmental quality and thus reduction in pollution. Using a utility theoretic model, we hypothesize that the income–pollution relationship should depend on the level of disamenity of the pollutant. We proxy for disamenity using the toxicity of releases. For counties in the United States, the functional relationship between income and releases depends on the level of disamenity: the form is more concave for more toxic releases. We find that environmental improvements occur at lower levels of per capita income for more toxic pollutants. 相似文献
954.
955.
A.H. Welsh 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》1989,31(1):215-227
We obtain Bahadur representations for the semi-interquartile range and the median deviation when these estimators are based on the residuals from a linear regression model with increasing dimension. These representations yield a variety of central limit theorems and conditions under which the two estimators are equivalent. In particular, the representations justify the use of the estimators as concomitant scale estimators in general scale equivariant M-estimation of a regression parameter when the dimension of the parameter increases with the sample size. 相似文献
956.
957.
Our study focuses on maritime pilotage in seven European countries and analyzes the level of job satisfaction and its predictors.
Like most existing studies in the field of job satisfaction, we show that job satisfaction is an outcome of the work of maritime
pilots. Stressful working conditions, such as working unsocial hours and irregular working patterns, create strains that together
with intervening factors related to work, family, or the work environment ultimately reduce job satisfaction. However, our
results indicate that although negative physical and social consequences are important, they are neither the strongest nor
the only variables determining job satisfaction. Another effect seems more important in European maritime pilotage: Job satisfaction
is instead a predictor of how much pressure and stress pilots can handle. Despite health problems and a reduction in their
quality of life due to working unusual hours, most maritime pilots do not regret their choice of profession. Factors to ameliorate
the working conditions are also identified. The most important parameters include alterations in working time systems, working
conditions which minimize physical strain, fairness regarding payment, flexibility within the compensation system, an intensification
of the possibilities for involvement and participation, an extended degree of co-determination, and the distribution of the
ownership of the pilot stations. 相似文献
958.
Terrestrial vertebrates in urban ecosystems: developing hypotheses for the Gwynns Falls Watershed in Baltimore,Maryland 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
We review the literature on terrestrial vertebrates in urban and urbanizing areas in terms of the new paradigm in ecology that focuses on the origin, spatial pattern, and current influences of habitat patches. Studies of terrestrial vertebrates have documented differences in species composition along an urban-rural gradient and have identified some of the key land use features associated with these differences. We use information from a database developed for the Gwynns Falls Watershed in Baltimore City and County, Maryland to demonstrate how a study of forest-dependent breeding birds could be used to identify mechanisms that account for differences in the bird communities of forest patches in urban areas, and to provide useful information to planners and managers involved in wildlife conservation and management. 相似文献
959.
I. R. Cruz-Medina T. P. Hettmansperger H. Thomas 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》2004,53(3):463-474
Summary. Suppose that we have m repeated measures on each subject, and we model the observation vectors with a finite mixture model. We further assume that the repeated measures are conditionally independent. We present methods to estimate the shape of the component distributions along with various features of the component distributions such as the medians, means and variances. We make no distributional assumptions on the components; indeed, we allow different shapes for different components. 相似文献
960.
Andrea Maurer Peter Imbusch Dirk Baier Klaus Boehnke Manuela Pötschke Henning Best Annette von Alemann Birgit Riegraf Corinna Onnen-Isemann Juliane Achatz Peter H. Hartmann Nicole Burzan Markus Klein Jens Aderhold Gerd Nollmann Arnold Wilts Mike Steffen Schäfer Christoph Görg Alexandra Manzei Christian Stegbauer Horst Pöttker Günter Endruweit Heiner Meulemann Heinz Sahner Erhard Stölting Wolfgang Lauterbach 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2006,58(2):364-406