商业信用原则在我国商法中的缺失及补正

商业信用原则是商法的核心原则之一。目前我国商法中把商业信用原则与普通法中的诚实信用原则混为一谈,这不仅是错位,而且还"串味"。在现代市场经济条件下的信用制度主要是商业信用和银行信用。它们都是制度性的安排,不单是道德伦理性的软约束。     

共同富裕:基于唯物史观的考察

实现共同富裕是全面建设小康社会的重要目标和社会主义本质的内在要求。人类社会历史与逻辑的演进历程表明:一定意义上,按劳动能力分配是人类社会内在分配原则;当前业已突显的贫富差距是社会发展阶段性的必然产物;共同富裕的实现是以劳动能力同等为基点的,而劳动能力同等和共同富裕二者的实现统一于社会主义市场经济发展过程中。     

材料科学与工程专业应用型人才培养的思考

论述了应用型材料科学与工程专业建设的指导思想,分析说明了应用型材料专业人才培养规格的基本要求和培养体系的构建模式。指出应用型材料专业建设首先应该是应用型工程教育,并要注重通识教育、创业创新教育、材料工程伦理教育和产学研合作教育等。     

二元经济社会结构与中国农村发展

中华人民和国成立以后,国家选择了重工业超前发展战略。为保证这一战略实施,国家采取了农产品统购统销、城乡分割的户籍制度和人民公社制度等政策和体制手段,人为地促成了城乡经济社会二元化的格局。二元经济社会结构阻碍了农业的发展,影响了农业劳动生产率的提高,使农民收入长期在低水平徘徊,妨碍了农民整体素质的提高。二元经济社会结构下农民承担了巨额的工农业产品价格剪刀差负担、不公正的税费负担和公共物品负担。这一切都导致了中国农村发展的滞后。中共十六届五中全会提出了建设社会主义新农村的重大历史任务,十七大进一步强调推进社会主义新农村建设。在社会主义新农村建设过程中,消除二元结构,统筹城乡发展,是科学发展共建和谐之必然。     

近几年我国宏观经济调控实践的回顾与总结

十六大以来,党中央、国务院非常重视宏观调控的作用。从2003年开始,党中央、国务院见微知著,针对经济生活中一些苗头性、倾向性问题,陆续采取了一系列调控措施。在探索与创新过程中,党和政府积累了丰富的宏观调控的经验,宏观调控能力日益增强。在科学发展观的引领下,我们一定能够战胜各种风险和挑战,使我国宏观经济在良性发展轨道上运行。     

网络及网络文化对大学生的负面影响与对策

伴随着信息技术的发展,互联网已深入到现实社会的各个领域.网络及网络文化对大学生的成长和成才既有积极作用,也有一定的负面影响.针对信息时代出现的新情况、新问题,积极地研究和分析,并提出相应的对策,改进工作方法,提高工作实效,是高校教育工作者的共同职责.     

Abstinence and Relapse Rates Following a College Campus-Based Quit & Win Contest

Abstract

Objective: To conduct and evaluate Quit & Win contests at 2 2-year college and 2 4-year university campuses. Participants: During Spring semester, 2006, undergraduates (N = 588) interested in quitting smoking signed up for a Quit & Win 30-day cessation contest for a chance to win a lottery prize. Methods: Participants (N = 588) completed a baseline survey, provided a urine sample to verify smoking status before joining the contest, and completed a follow-up survey at contest end to assess abstinence. Participants reporting continuous 30-day abstinence were surveyed again 2 weeks post contest to assess relapse. Results: Participants smoked an average of 9.8 ± 6.7 cigarettes/day on 26.7 ± 5.7 days/month. Among participants completing a follow-up survey (74%), 72.1% reported abstinence during the entire contest period (Intent-to-Treat Analysis = 53.2%). 55.3% of those abstinent at the end of contest had resumed smoking 2 weeks post contest. Conclusions: Campus Quit & Win contests appear feasible, acceptable, and effective at facilitating short-term abstinence. Further research is needed to identify strategies to prevent postcontest relapse.     

高校教师教育专业化问题研究

教师教育专业化是教师专业化的重要保障．本文依据比较教育学原理,利用系统分析和综合归纳法研究了教师教育专业化问题,提出从校长领导作用、建设校园文化两方面加强教师职业专业化,从建立认可制度与评价机制、制定发展规划、以科研促发展三个方面强化教师培养专业化．总结提出,教师专业化需要教师、学校管理者、教育管理部门共同努力．研究成果弥补了我国高校教师教育专业化的理论,并为教育管理部门制定决策提供借鉴与参考．     

University Binge Drinking Patterns and Changes in Patterns of Alcohol Consumption Among Chinese Undergraduates in a Hong Kong University

Abstract

Objective: To examine patterns of binge drinking and changes in drinking patterns among Chinese university students. Participants and Methods: Responses to an anonymous questionnaire were compared between a random sample of 411 second year Chinese undergraduate students in 2006 and 2,630 first year students from the previous year. Students reporting any symptoms of alcohol abuse were classified as alcohol abusers whereas those reporting repeated inability to curtail use were categorized as alcohol dependent. Results: After 1 year of university, greatly increased rates of past-month drinking of different degrees were found in both genders. Binge drinking among second year undergraduates was significantly correlated with male gender, living in a student residence hall, smoking, drinking to relieve stress, and having friends who frequently drank. Conclusions: Alcohol misuse is a health hazard to Chinese students in a university environment. Proactive policies aimed at preventing harmful alcohol use should be considered by university authorities.