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81.
Falconer Mitchell Lars Bråd Nielsen Hanne Nørreklit Lennart Nørreklit 《Journal of Management and Governance》2013,17(1):5-34
This paper analyses the characteristics of good strategic performance that contribute to the overall performance of a successful company. We apply a framework of pragmatic constructivism in order to analyse and measure strategic performance. We use the model for performance measurement based on pragmatic constructivism for the more specific topics of measuring, assessing and analysing strategic performance as opposed to operational performance. This paper analyses the characteristics of strategic performance that successfully enhance the overall performance of the company. The purpose is to outline a framework for strategic performance measurement that can be used to guide and measure strategic leadership. The framework focuses on the concepts of coherence and coherence tracing as the basic concepts for strategic performance and thus the task for strategic performance measurement. 相似文献
82.
Abstract Based on a major reform of Norwegian unemployment insurance (UI), we examine the behavioral impacts of soft and hard UI duration constraints. A constraint is interpreted as hard if a claimant cannot rely on any form of income support after exhaustion, and as soft if UI is replaced by follow‐on benefits or participation in active labor market programs (ALMP). We find that both hard and soft constraints raise the job hazard significantly, with surprisingly similar spikes at UI exhaustion. Participation in ALMP raises the probability of eventually finding a job, but at the cost of lengthening the overall job‐search period. 相似文献
83.
This study examines gender differences in the development of dieting among a representative sample of 1,368 Norwegian boys and girls. The respondents were followed over 3 time points from ages 13/14 to 20/21. Latent growth curve analyses were conducted showing that girls' dieting scores increased while boys' scores remained constant. Gender differences in the development of dieting could be explained neither by differences in the development of appearance dissatisfaction nor by changes in relation to parents. In contrast, the dieting differences between boys and girls could be partially explained by a greater increase in emotional problems among girls compared with boys. Further research is needed, targeting in particular younger age groups, in order to acquire knowledge on whether appearance dissatisfaction serves as mediator of gender differences in dieting at other ages. 相似文献
84.
We develop a forward-looking empirical concept of social exclusion based on the estimated transition probabilities from a random effects multinominal Logit-model. Youths are considered socially excluded if they are currently outside school/work and have a low predicted probability of re-entering in the near future. Implemented on extraordinary rich event-history data of compulsory school graduates, we estimate social exclusion among Norwegian youths and find that social exclusion propensity is (i) non-cyclical; (ii) much more prevalent among young adults in their early twenties than among teenagers; (iii) strongly dependent on family background; and (iv) independent of gender. 相似文献
85.
Lars Wichstrm 《Journal of research on adolescence》2001,11(2):131-150
The relation between pubertal timing and alcohol use was investigated in a nationally representative sample (N= 4,686) of junior high school students who were followed up 2 years later (N= 3,862). Information regarding pubertal timing and status, sex‐role identification, number of alcohol intoxications, substance use, sexual behavior, friends’ alcohol use, and involvement in other types of problem behaviors was obtained. The results showed that early timing of pubertal development correlated with number of alcohol intoxications and number of units consumed on each occasion, and, to a lesser degree, with the frequency of alcohol use. Moreover, correlations were stronger among males than among females. Substantial parts of the association between pubertal timing and alcohol intoxications were mediated through friends’ problem behavior. Pubertal timing predicted alcohol use at follow‐up, but the effect was mostly due to increased alcohol intoxications at initial testing. 相似文献
86.
This article takes an empirical point of departure in an in-depth study of an R&D organization that was transformed into a
strongly project-based organization. As demonstrated in the analysis, its mode of governance differed radically from traditional
bureaucratic and cultural conceptions of governance. Instead the new “rules-of-the-game” introduced amounted to creating an
institutional framework, promoting new individual responsibilities and enabling lower level market-like processes of self-organizing
discovery. The specific set-up used, included anew organization structure, new responsibilities, etc and the use of “prices”,
playing a role both in shaping incentives and guiding knowledge work. The interpretation put forward relies on combining economic
theories of governance with more “fine-grained” organization theories, and suggests that there is some discretion for top
managers to engage in the design of a market-promoting mode of governance for their project-based firms.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
87.
This paper presents the background, design and baseline results of the Intervention Project on Absence and Well-being (IPAW). IPAW is a 5-year psychosocial work environment intervention study including 22 intervention and 30 control work-sites from three different types of work-site (a large pharmaceutical company, municipal technical services, and municipal nursing homes) in Copenhagen, Denmark. The baseline survey reported in this paper was conducted in 1996-97, and the cohort was followed until 2002. Interventions took place during 1996-98 at the organizational and interpersonal level and focused on psychological demands, social support, control, meaning of work, and predictability. The main end-points are self-rated health, perceived stress, absence from work, job satisfaction, and labour turnover. Analyses of the baseline data show good reliability of the psychosocial scales and a number of clear associations between psychosocial work environment factors and health indicators. The baseline data also demonstrate several discrepancies between the planned design of the study and the actual implementation of the project in practice. 相似文献
88.
A spatial analysis of indigenous cover patterns and implications for ecological restoration in urban centres,New Zealand 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
High levels of endemism, the sensitivity of species that have evolved without humans, and the invasion of exotic species have
all contributed to severe depletion of indigenous biodiversity in New Zealand. We considered the contribution that urban restoration
can make to maximising biodiversity by analysing landcover patterns from two national databases along an urban–rural gradient.
Thirteen of 20 land environments in New Zealand are represented in cities, and nearly three-quarters of all acutely threatened
land environments are represented within 20 km of city cores nationally. Despite this, remaining indigenous landcover is low
within urban cores, with less than 2% on average, but increasing to more than 10% on average in the periurban zone. Threatened
lowland environments are most commonly represented within cities, and least represented within protected natural areas. Restoration
of existing urban habitat is insufficient to halt biodiversity loss. Ecosystem reconstruction is required to achieve a target of 10% indigenous cover within cities. A co-ordinated national urban biodiversity plan to
address issues beyond a local and regional focus is needed. Analysis of national patterns of urban land environments, indigenous
cover and remnant ecosystems will support action at a regional and local level while enhancing national and global biodiversity
goals. 相似文献
89.
This paper investigates shareholder activism by observing Swedish portfolio managers’ behavior at firms’ annual general meetings.
Institutional shareholders’ voting behavior and tendencies for raising opinions at the general meetings are related to firm
characteristics, suggested by both agency theory and institutional perspectives. The results show that institutional shareholders
are more likely to be active in large firms, which appear a lot in media, and have a large proportion of institutional ownership.
Portfolio managers appear not to consider bad firm performance as a reason for targeting firms. Instead, managers’ behavior
is consistent with the institutional notion that they benefit from the activism themselves, without trying to improve target
firms’ performance. In view of this notion, it is rational for managers to be active in large firms, with large media coverage,
achieving their 15 minutes of fame at the general meetings. 相似文献
90.
Lars Holden 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2019,89(12):2261-2279
We analyse MCMC chains focusing on how to find simulation parameters that give good mixing for discrete time, Harris ergodic Markov chains on a general state space X having invariant distribution π. The analysis uses an upper bound for the variance of the probability estimate. For each simulation parameter set, the bound is estimated from an MCMC chain using recurrence intervals. Recurrence intervals are a generalization of recurrence periods for discrete Markov chains. It is easy to compare the mixing properties for different simulation parameters. The paper gives general advice on how to improve the mixing of the MCMC chains and a new methodology for how to find an optimal acceptance rate for the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Several examples, both toy examples and large complex ones, illustrate how to apply the methodology in practice. We find that the optimal acceptance rate is smaller than the general recommendation in the literature in some of these examples. 相似文献