提高遗传学教学效果的改革与实践

在教学时数压缩、生源构成复杂的新形势下,以细菌和病毒的遗传为例,总结了提高遗传学教学效果的课程改革方法：精选朱军《遗传学（第二版）》教材作为组织教学的蓝本,进行系统的知识体系调整与整合,对教学难点进行、巧妙设计,整体教学内容做到概念明确,重点突出,由浅入深,前后呼应,力争用简单的语言、明晰的逻辑关系展开遗传学教学。     

基于生态足迹的河南省耕地利用状况分析

生态足迹模型是测度可持续发展的工具,能非常直观地表现区域可持续发展状况。文章基于该模型,采用可变地区单产法,对河南省及其18个地级市2000--2005年耕地资源的生态足迹进行动态分析。研究表明：（1）河南省各地级市耕地利用情况差异悬殊;（2）河南省耕地生态资源处于不可持续利用状态;（3）河南省耕地资源不可持续利用程度相对有所缓和。     

沈阳市产业结构综合效益指数分析

分析沈阳市产业结构近30年的变动趋势表明,统计数据揭示了出现与传统观点所认为的产业结构高度化趋势相悖的现象。产业结构效益评价发现,虽然其综合效益指数呈现逐年上升的趋势,但结构贡献是下降的,说明其产业结构并没有真正地得到优化。借助比较劳动生产率等指标分析每一个产业的内部贡献,揭示了第二产业相对较好,第一、三产业均存在技术进步贡献在减弱,剩余劳动力制约产业效益的提高等问题。同时第三产业还存在投资结构不合理的问题。提出优化第一产业内部结构,合理转移农业剩余劳动力;合理完善第三产业的投资结构,提高资金与劳动力的利用率;推进工业产业结构升级,提高第二产业对劳动力的吸纳能力,最终实行一、二、三产业协调发展。     

高校工程跟踪审计存在的问题与对策

高校工程跟踪审计可有效提高审计质量,但当前却存在审计人员素质不高、工程跟踪审计意识不强、审计程序不规范等问题,针对这些问题,可采取相应的措施加以解决:加强队伍建设;突出工作重点;提高相关人员的跟踪审计意识;遵循一定的原则;制定规范的、切实有效的可操作的工程跟踪审计办法。     

四种老龄化理念及其政策蕴意

在老龄化问题研究中,健康老龄化、积极老龄化、成功老龄化和生产性老龄化,这四种理念具有不同的内涵。在结合地方养老服务创新案例分析四种老龄化理念的相互关系及其政策蕴意的基础上,运用“生活质量-社会质量”视角,评估健康老龄化和成功老龄化在提升老年群体生活质量方面的效用,探讨生产性老龄化和积极老龄化对提升社会质量的意义,从而深化人们对各种养老理念的理解,将老龄化的问题延展至老年照顾之外的参与和增能方面,丰富养老政策的内容和内涵,为发展老年友好型社会提供政策路径。     

An Evaluation of Staff Preference for Graphic Characteristics

The purpose of the current study was to assess staff preference for how data were displayed on graphs. Specifically, preference for line versus bar graphs was assessed, as well as preference for data displayed as one date in time versus multiple dates showing performance trends. A secondary purpose of the study was to assess staff comprehension of the data presented across different graphic displays. Participants included 60 entry-level direct care staff and 25 seasoned therapists. Therapists had more advanced training in applied behavior analysis than the direct care staff. The vast majority of direct care staff preferred data depicted as a bar graph versus data depicted as a line graph, even preferring a single bar graph over a time-series line graph. The therapists preferred time-series line graphs to bar graphs. Most staff demonstrated understanding of the data, regardless of how it was depicted.     

Optimization problems with color-induced budget constraints

In 1984, Gabow and Tarjan provided a very elegant and fast algorithm for the following problem: given a matroid defined on a red and blue colored ground set, determine a basis of minimum cost among those with k red elements, or decide that no such basis exists. In this paper, we investigate extensions of this problem from ordinary matroids to the more general notion of poset matroids which take precedence constraints on the ground set into account. We show that the problem on general poset matroids becomes -hard, already if the underlying partially ordered set (poset) consists of binary trees of height two. On the positive side, we present two algorithms: a pseudopolynomial one for integer polymatroids, i.e., the case where the poset consists of disjoint chains, and a polynomial algorithm for the problem to determine a minimum cost ideal of size l with k red elements, i.e., the uniform rank-l poset matroid, on series-parallel posets.     

Capturing hearts and minds: The influence of relational identification with the leader on followers' mobilization and cardiovascular reactivity

The influence of relational identification (RI) on leadership processes and the effects of social identity leadership on followers' responses to stress have received scant theoretical and research attention. The present research advances theoretical understanding by testing the assertion that high RI with the leader drives follower mobilization of effort and psychophysiological responses to stress. Two experimental scenario studies (Study 1 and Study 2) support the hypothesis that being led by an individual with whom followers perceive high RI increases follower intentional mobilization. Study 2 additionally showed that high (vs. low) RI increases follower resource appraisals and cognitive task performance. A laboratory experiment (Study 3) assessing cardiovascular (CV) reactivity showed that, compared to neutral (i.e., non-affiliated) leadership, being led by an individual with whom participants felt low RI elicited a maladaptive (i.e., threat) response to a pressurized task. In addition, relative to the low RI and neutral conditions, high RI with the leader did not engender greater challenge or threat reactivity. In conclusion, advancing social identity leadership and challenge and threat theory, findings suggest that leaders should be mindful of the deleterious effects (i.e., reduced mobilization and greater threat state) of low RI to optimize follower mobilization of effort and psychophysiological responses to stress.     

Perceived managerial and leadership effectiveness within a Moroccan Higher Education Institution

The purpose of this research was to determine what behaviourally distinguishes effective and ineffective managers within a Moroccan Higher Education Institution (HEI). The critical incident technique (CIT) was the methodology deployed to collect data from participants in terms of how they perceive managers as either effective or ineffective. The collected data (CIs) were subjected to content and thematic analysis that resulted in derived positive and negative behavioural statements (BSs). A total of 42 participants/informants were interviewed and revealed a total of 418 CIs, of which 189 were positive CIs and 229 were negative. The analysis revealed a total of 49 BSs, of which 19 were positive and 30 were negative behavioural indicators. The findings of this investigation bring empirical evidence to understand what and how managers are perceived as effective or ineffective in the Moroccan academic context and, therefore, adds to the literature. The information obtained can also provide rich information/knowledge that can be used as a basis to address the behavioural developmental needs of managers in HEIs. This research adds value by following by following two previous replication studies in a French and a Hungarian HEI; moreover, this study is the first to be conducted in the Moroccan/North African region.