Factors Associated with the Enactment of Safety Belt and Motorcycle Helmet Laws

It has been shown that road safety laws, such as motorcycle helmet and safety belt laws, have a significant effect in reducing road fatalities. Although an expanding body of literature has documented the effects of these laws on road safety, it remains unclear which factors influence the likelihood that these laws are enacted. This study attempts to identify the factors that influence the decision to enact safety belt and motorcycle helmet laws. Using panel data from 31 countries between 1963 and 2002, our results reveal that increased democracy, education level, per capita income, political stability, and more equitable income distribution within a country are associated with the enactment of road safety laws.     

建立敏捷虚拟企业提升企业的竞争能力

文章介绍了虚拟企业的概念、特点和作用,论述了在我国建立虚拟企业的必要性和可能性,并对如何建立虚拟企业作了一些探索,最后指出建立虚拟企业对我国企业提高竞争力的启示意义。     

Centralization, Organizational Strategy, and Public Service Performance

We test the separate and joint effects of centralization andorganizational strategy on the performance of 53 UK public serviceorganizations. Centralization is measured as both the hierarchyof authority and the degree of participation in decision making,whereas strategy is measured as the extent to which serviceproviders are prospectors, defenders, and reactors. We findthat centralization has no independent effect on service performance,even when controlling for prior performance, service expenditure,and external constraints. However, the impact of centralizationis contingent on the strategic orientation of organizations.Centralized decision making works best in conjunction with defending,and decentralized decision making works best in organizationsthat emphasize prospecting.     

论法律行为生效的“适法规范”——公法对法律行为效力的影响及其限度

违反强行法的法律行为无效是各国的共同规则,可称为法律行为生效的“适法规范”。强行法应仅指公法上的强行法,私法上的强行法是自治规范,违反它的效力最严重的不过是“不生效”而不是“无效”。违反公法的法律行为是否无效,必须探究公法的目的,并运用比例原则来限制对公法目的的解释,以进一步区分公法责任与私法责任。民法也不能排除地方性法规和行政规章的适用。违法和违反公序良俗的功能截然不同,两者不能统一。